Distribution and occurring state of copper-gold mineral resources in Northeast Africa
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摘要:
铜、金为东北非重要的矿产资源, 成矿潜力巨大, 其成矿过程与东非造山带努比亚地盾的演化历史密切相关。矿床类型以造山型矿床和火山块状硫化物(VMS)型矿床为主, 斑岩型铜金矿床较少。其中, 造山型以金矿床为主, 主要赋存于韧-脆性剪切带的石英脉中, 集中分布于埃及东部沙漠区、苏丹东北部、厄立特里亚西北-埃塞俄比亚北部、埃塞俄比亚西部地盾区及埃塞俄比亚南部地盾区5个区域; VMS型以铜金矿床为主, 主要发育于新元古代火山岩中, 集中分布于埃及东部沙漠区、苏丹东北部及厄立特里亚西北-埃塞俄比亚北部3个区域, VMS型矿床的氧化带具有较高的品位和较大的资源量。在总结东北非区域地质背景、构造演化和铜金矿床资源分布特征的基础上, 系统地分析了东北非典型铜金矿床地质特征及赋存形式, 以期为国内企业、事业单位在东北非开展铜、金勘查与开发等提供基础地质支撑。
Abstract:Copper-gold deposits are the main types of mineral resources in Northeast Africa with great metallogenic potentials, and their metallogenic processes are closely related to the evolution history of Nubian Shield in the east African orogenic belt.Orogenic gold deposits and volcanogenic massive sulfides (VMS) copper-gold deposits are two main genetic types, while the porphyry copper-gold deposits are rare.Orogenic deposits, mainly gold in mineralization, are mostly related to the quartz veins in ductile-brittle shear structure, and they are distributed in 5 different regions.However, VMS deposits, mainly copper and gold in mineralization, are primarily related to the Neoproterozoic volcanic rocks, and they are distributed in 3 different regions.The oxide zone of VMS deposits exhibits copper-gold resources with relatively high tenor and large tonnage.Combined with regional geology, tectonic evolution and distribution characteristics of copper-gold resources in Northeast Africa, the geological characteristics and occurring states of copper-gold deposits are analyzed, which would provide critical clues for the copper-gold exploration or mining development in Northeast Africa for domestic mining enterprises and institutions.
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表 1 东北非中、大型铜金矿床
Table 1. Medium and large Cu-Au deposits in Northeast Africa
序号 国家 矿床名称 主要矿种 矿石储量和资源量/t 品位 金金属量 品位 铜金属量 矿床规模 Au/(g·t-1) Au/oz Cu/% Cu/t Au Cu 1 埃及 Oum El-Nar Gold 12 000 000 6.000 2 315 000 / / 大型 / 2 埃及 Al-Hadded Mountain Gold 2 500 000 2.200 177 000 / / 中型 / 3 埃及 Abu Marawat Gold 14 894 000 1.003 480 000 0.148 21 773 中型 小型 4 埃及 Karim Valley Gold 12 000 000 5.500 2 122 000 / / 大型 / 5 埃及 Al-Dabah Gold 6 000 000 1.500 289 000 / / 中型 / 6 埃及 Sukari Gold 302 000 000 1.100 10 210 000 / / 大型 / 7 埃及 Hodine Gold 5 900 000 1.110 209 000 / / 中型 / 8 苏丹 Block 14 Gold 98 400 000 1.278 4 053 000 / / 大型 / 9 苏丹 Gebeit Gold 928 000 15.330 457 000 / / 中型 / 10 苏丹 Jebel Ohier Copper 246 300 000 0.080 646 200 0.440 1 087 200 大型 大型 11 苏丹 Ariab Gold 138 637 682 1.330 5 925 593 0.976 1 353 500 大型 大型 12 苏丹 Hofrat En Nahas Copper 9 600 000 1.610 497 000 4.000 384 000 中型 中型 13 厄立特里亚 Zara Gold 5 000 000 5.300 840 000 / / 大型 / 14 厄立特里亚 Asmara Copper 92 175 350 0.468 1 387 733 0.750 691 591 大型 大型 15 厄立特里亚 Galla Valley Copper 10 000 000 0.790 254 000 1.300 130 000 中型 中型 16 埃塞俄比亚 Adyabo Gold 9 150 000 2.317 681 300 0.408 37 422 大型 小型 17 埃塞俄比亚 Harvest Gold 6 488 000 1.360 275 000 1.174 76 130 中型 小型 18 埃塞俄比亚 Tulu Kapi Gold 20 200 000 2.652 1 720 000 / / 大型 / 19 埃塞俄比亚 Lega Dembi Gold 11 875 000 4.460 1 703 000 / / 大型 / 
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