Remote Sensing Prospecting Method for Pegmatite Type Rare Metal Deposit——Taking Dahongliutan Area in Western Kunlun for Example
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摘要: 锂等稀有金属矿是国家重要的战略新兴矿产资源，在西昆仑大红柳滩一带显示较好的找矿潜力。但由其于海拔高、切割深，地表调查难度极大。通过分析地质矿产资料确定含矿层位，对Worldview-2高分遥感影像进行伟晶岩脉的识别，采用主成分变换对ASTER遥感影像提取与伟晶岩型锂矿成矿相关的遥感异常，结合稀有金属化探异常，圈定找矿靶区，能够为快速发现伟晶岩型锂矿产资源提供支撑。笔者对该方法进行了系统介绍，并在西昆仑大红柳滩一带应用该方法发现505、507、俘虏沟南1号、俘虏沟南2号等多处大型锂铍矿产地，初步估算氧化锂资源量100万t以上，实现了高寒、高海拔、深切割地区伟晶岩型稀有金属矿的快速找矿突破。对方法的有效性进行了评价，其对西昆仑地区伟晶岩型矿床提供了重要的技术方法支撑，对于下一步外围找矿具有重要的借鉴意义。Abstract: Rare metal mines, like lithium, rubidium, and cesium, are important emerging strategic mineral resources in China. The Dahongliutan area of West Kunlun shows great potential for prospecting these mines. However, because of its high altitude and deep cutting, the surface geological survey is extremely difficult and seldom done. In this study, the geological mineral data for this area have been analyzed to determine the location of the ore-bearing layer. The diacritic veins have been identified by using Worldview-2 remote sensing images. Through using the principal component transform method, the remote sensing anomalies related to pegmatite lithium mineralization have been extracted from ASTER remote sensing images. And then, the prospecting targets have been determined by combing with the geochemical anomalies of rare metals, which can provide a support for rapid discovery of pegmatite lithium mineral resources. By using this prospecting method, many large lithium-beryllium mines in Western Kunlun have been discoverd, such as 505·07\south fulugou 1#\south fulugou 2#, with the preliminary estimated Li2O resource of over 1 million tons. This method is a breakthrough for rapidly prospecting the pegmatite rare metals deposits in deep cutting, high altitude and cold regions areas, and its availability has been appraised in this paper, which provides important technical support for pegmatite mineral in West Kunlun and has important significance for the next prospecting in peripheral area.
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