土壤活性组分提取剂的研制及初步试验结果

吴昆明; 魏朝俊; 刘云; 梁颖博

土壤活性组分提取剂的研制及初步试验结果

北京农学院, 北京 102208

基金项目: 北京高等学校青年英才计划项目（YETP1725）; 国家自然科学基金项目（40871232）

详细信息

作者简介: 吴昆明, 讲师, 硕士, 从事土壤形态分析研究.E-mail: wkm_001@126.com

中图分类号: S151.93

收稿日期: 2013-11-08

录用日期: 2014-01-09

刊出日期: 2014-03-25

Research of Soil Activated Ions Extractant and Preliminary Test Results

Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102208, China

Received Date: 08 November 2013

Accepted Date: 09 January 2014

Publish Date: 25 March 2014

摘要

摘要:
土壤的活性组分能够反映土壤实际污染状况及对环境的危害，选择适当的土壤浸提剂是准确评价土壤活性组分的关键技术，已有的提取剂局限于不同元素和不同土壤类型，提取步骤繁琐，实验周期长，重现性不高。本文研制了一种提取土壤中活性组分的新型提取剂——AIE，提取剂组成为0.25 mol/L醋酸-0.25 mol/L醋酸铵-0.005 mol/L DTPA-0.2%对苯二酚混合溶液。国家标准物质提取实验表明，AIE提取剂能够有效提取土壤中多种元素的活性组分（有效态磷、有效态钾、有效态锰、有效态铜），具有很好的通用性。AIE提取剂与三种通用提取剂（Mehlich 3、AB-DTPA、盐酸）的实验比较表明，AIE对作物营养组分盐基离子（K、Na、Ca、Mg）的提取效果高于AB-DTPA和盐酸，与Mehlich 3的提取量变化规律基本一致；对Fe、Mn、P和重金属元素的提取值70%高于或相当于其他三种提取剂。应用AIE提取土壤的活性组分，适用于提取作物营养组分和重金属元素，既可提取有效态又可提取缓效态，且样品无需针对不同元素做分别处理，多种元素提取方法一致，比已有的提取剂实验周期缩短3~5倍，有利于大批量样品的分析测试；AIE实际应用的重现性较好，大多数元素提取量的相对标准偏差低于8%；AIE的缓冲能力强，提取液的pH值升高幅度（0.07~0.9）均未超过缓冲溶液的缓冲范围，可同时适用于酸性和碱性土壤。总体上AIE通用性优于Mehlich 3和AB-DTPA提取剂，是已有提取分析方法的补充和完善。
- 土壤 /
- 活性组分提取剂(AIE) /
- Mehlich 3 /
- AB-DTPA /
- 盐酸 /
- 提取效果
Abstract:
Active constituents in soil can reflect the status of the actual pollution and harm to the environment, and selection of the appropriate extractant is a key technology to accurately evaluate active soil components. The existing extractant method has been limited to different elements and different soil types with complicated extraction steps, a long experimental period and poor reproducibility. A new type of activated ions extractant (AIE) has been developed in this study. The new extracting solution, already designated AIE, is composed of 0.25 mol/L CH₃COOH-0.25 mol/L NH₄OAc-0.005 mol/L DTPA-0.2% C₆H₄(OH)₂. Extraction experiment results of the national standard substances show that AIE extraction agent can effectively extract active components (available P, available K, available Mn and available Cu) in soil with good versatility. AIE extracting results in comparison with three extraction extractants such as Mehlich 3, AB-DTPA and HCl, show that the extraction effect of AIE on nutrition component base cations (K, Na, Ca, Mg) is higher than that of AB-DTPA and HCl extraction agents, and the extraction effect of AIE and Mehlich 3 have the same trend. Extraction effects of AIE on Fe, Mn, P and heavy metals were 70% better than the three kinds of extracting agents mentioned. AIE was suitable for the extraction of nutrition components and heavy metals, which can extract the available state and slow release state. The extraction method of different elements was the same and no need to process separately, and the experimental period was 3-5 times less than the existing extractant method, which was favourable for the analysis of quantities of samples. AIE extraction results have good reproducibility, and relative standard deviations of the other elements except Na were lower than 8%. AIE has strong buffering capacity, and a pH value range of 0.07-0.9 is in the buffering capacity of buffer solution, which is good for acidic and alkaline soils. The versatility is better than that of Mehlich 3 and AB-DTPA. The new extracting agent is a supplement and improvement of existing methods.
- soil /
- activated ions extractant (AIE) /
- Mehlich 3 /
- AB-DTPA /
- HCl /
- extraction effect

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图 1 两种提取液中部分离子的含量

Figure 1.

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图 2 四种提取液中盐基离子的含量

Figure 2.

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图 3 四种提取液中Fe、Mn、P的含量

Figure 3.

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图 4 四种提取液中重金属离子的含量

Figure 4.

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表 1 土壤样品特性

Table 1. The physical and chemical characteristics of soil samples

样品编号	国家标准物质编号	采样地点	土壤类型	pH	原样简述
1	GBW 07412	辽宁开源	棕壤	5.98	棕色粉砂质壤土，母岩为花岗岩
2	GBW 07413	河南安阳	潮土	8.24	石灰性浅褐色粉砂壤土，母质为洪、冲积物
3	GBW 07414	四川简阳	紫色土	8.14	紫褐色黏性壤土，母质为砂页岩
4	GBW 07415	湖北黄梅	水稻土	5.55	灰色粉砂质黏性壤土，母质为湖积物
5	GBW 07416	江西鹰潭	红壤	5.44	红色粉砂质黏性壤土，母质为第三系沉积物
6	GBW 07417	广州花县	赤红壤	5.44	褐黄色含砂黏性壤土，母岩为花岗岩

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表 1 土壤、提取剂及提取液的pH值

Table 1. pH value of soils, extractants and extracted solutions

样品编号	土壤的 pH值	AIE提取液的pH值 (AIE提取剂 pH=4.44)	Mehlich 3提取液的pH值 (Mehlich 3提取剂 pH=2.51)	AB-DTPA提取液的pH值 (AB-DTPA提取剂 pH=7.85)
1	5.98	4.51	3.25	8.19
2	8.24	4.91	4.08	8.28
3	8.14	5.34	4.17	8.15
4	5.55	4.53	3.28	8.25
5	5.44	4.53	3.31	8.28
6	5.44	4.56	3.37	8.25

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表 2 试制提取剂重现性检验结果

Table 2. Reproducibility of element analysis with AIE extractant

样品编号	元素提取量(μg/g)									Hg提取量 (ng/g)
样品编号	Cd	Cr	Cu	Pb	Mn	Ca	K	Mg	Na	Hg提取量 (ng/g)
1	207	1.4	10.7	20	364	4042	173	484	88	5.8
2	213	1.5	11.2	22	336	3815	160	447	51	5.5
3	216	1.1	12.3	25	354	3999	178	475	62	5.8
4	209	1.3	11.4	23	353	3972	176	452	67	5.6
5	211	1.4	12.2	24	345	4001	168	465	72	5.6
6	214	1.3	11.8	22	348	3898	172	473	68	5.8
RSD(%)	1.3	7.5	4.3	5.9	2.0	1.7	2.8	2.4	11.7	2.1

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土壤活性组分提取剂的研制及初步试验结果

北京农学院, 北京 102208

作者简介: 吴昆明, 讲师, 硕士, 从事土壤形态分析研究.E-mail: wkm_001@126.com

Research of Soil Activated Ions Extractant and Preliminary Test Results

Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102208, China

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