长江口启东—崇明岛航道沉积物中多环芳烃分布来源及生态风险评价

沈小明; 吕爱娟; 沈加林; 胡璟珂; 时磊; 蔡小虎

长江口启东—崇明岛航道沉积物中多环芳烃分布来源及生态风险评价

1.
南京地质矿产研究所, 江苏南京 210016

2.
南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 江苏南京 210095

基金项目: 中国地质大调查项目资助（1212010816020）

详细信息

作者简介: 沈小明, 博士研究生, 主要从事有机污染物分析测试及环境行为研究. E-mail: xiaomings007@126.com

中图分类号: O625.1;X826

收稿日期: 2013-11-23

录用日期: 2014-03-16

刊出日期: 2014-03-25

Distribution Characteristics, Sources and Ecological Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Waterway Sediments from Qidong and Chongming Island of Yangtze River Estuary

1.
Nanjing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Nanjing 210016, China

2.
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

Received Date: 23 November 2013

Accepted Date: 16 March 2014

Publish Date: 25 March 2014

摘要

摘要:
近年来我国长江河口有关沉积物中多环芳烃（PAHs）污染的研究主要集中在长江口近海及上海主城区滨岸等区域，而长江口航道则鲜有报道。本文在长江口启东—崇明岛航道区域采集表层（0~20 cm）沉积物样品，利用加速溶剂萃取技术提取，用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器对14种PAHs进行测定，研究其分布特征、环境来源和潜在的生态风险。研究结果显示，PAHs在所有沉积物样品中均有不同程度的检出，浓度范围为83.43~5206.97 ng/g，平均值736.95 ng/g。就PAHs单体而言，含量较高的是2~4环污染物，其中菲的含量最高，占各点位PAHs总量的9.04%~24.06%；其次为荧蒽和芘；具有高致癌性的苯并（a）芘在各个点位均能检出，占PAHs总量的0.94%~10.68%。与国内外类似河口和近海海域相比，本研究区PAHs处于中等污染水平。利用比值法解析PAHs的来源，菲/蒽（Phe/Ant） < 10且荧蒽/芘（Fla/Pyr）≥1的点位占所有采样点位的56.25%，表明区域内PAHs的主要来源是化石燃料的高温燃烧；位于航运码头附近采样点位的PAHs以石油源为主，部分点位呈化石燃料源和石油源混合污染特征。对照风险效应低值（ERL）和风险效应中值（ERM）进行初步风险评价，表明研究区域部分采样点位的PAHs具有潜在的生态风险。
- 航道沉积物 /
- 多环芳烃 /
- 分布特征 /
- 来源 /
- 生态风险 /
- 长江口
Abstract:
Recent researches of PAHs in sediment mainly were focused on offshore areas of Yangtze River estuary and coastal areas nearby Shanghai. However, there were few reports about the PAHs in waterway sediment from Qidong and Chongming Island. Surface waterway sediment samples (0-20 cm) were collected from Qidong and Chongming Island. Followed by extraction using accelerated solvent extraction techniques, then 14 PAHs were measured by means of HPLC-FLD in order to discuss and assess the distribution characteristics, possible sources and ecological risks of PAHs, respectively. The results showed that 14 PAHs could be detected in varying degrees for all sampling sites, Total concentrations of PAHs ranged from 83.43 to 5206.97ng/g with a mean concentration of 736.95 ng/g. 2, 3, 4-ring PAHs dominated in waterway sediment samples, and phenanthrene was the most abundant individual compound, accounting for 9.04% to 24.06% of total concentrations of PAHs, followed by fluoranthene and pyrene. The percentage of benzo[a]pyrene with high carcinogenicity in all samples was from 0.94% to 10.68%. Compared with other similar regions of the world, PAHs in waterway sediments from Qidong and Chongming Island of Yangtze River estuary were at moderate level. The sources of PAHs were apportioned using ratio analysis. Places with Phe(phenanthrene)/Ant(anthracene) < 10 and Fla(fluoranthene)/Pyr(pyrene)≥1 accounted for 56.25% of all sampling sites, indicated that PAHs in the studying areas mainly derived from combustion of fuel oil. Oil spill was another important source for some sampling sites located nearby harbours and wharfs. Some sites presented combined pollution characteristics. Comparing with ERL and ERM values for environment risk evaluation, some sampling sites of this area possessed a potential combined ecological risk to local organisms caused by PAHs.
- waterway sediment /
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons /
- distribution /
- sources /
- ecological risk /
- Yangtze River Estuary

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图 1 研究区域采样点分布

Figure 1.

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图 2 启东—崇明岛航道沉积物PAHs来源诊断

Figure 2.

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表 1 乙腈-水梯度洗脱时间程序

Table 1. Program of acetonitrile-water gradient elution

洗脱时间(min)	水与乙腈的比例
0	40:60
10	40:60
20	0:100
40	0:100
42	40:60

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表 2 长江口航道沉积物中PAHs含量

Table 2. Concentrations of PAHs in waterway sediments from Qidong and Chongming Island of Yangtze River Estuary

PAHs	长江口启东航道各点位浓度(ng/g)					长江口崇明岛航道各点位浓度(ng/g)
PAHs	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	C6	C7	C8	C9	C10	C11
萘	20.21	57.79	40.98	8.90	10.43	43.92	50.05	30.65	27.16	49.02	50.10	79.77	170.87	195.01	97.39	37.01
苊	17.55	41.42	54.17	1.19	14.01	2.69	0.48	36.80	36.56	63.88	1.08	2.53	183.24	188.76	98.10	38.41
芴	5.36	69.67	11.15	2.62	2.54	7.31	5.69	7.62	7.55	12.94	6.30	7.03	37.91	39.97	20.91	7.45
菲	29.20	470.92	42.16	21.29	13.34	41.98	29.84	31.92	29.03	47.86	34.72	36.04	125.74	136.11	99.13	28.90
蒽	3.45	39.04	6.20	4.66	1.41	2.01	3.61	3.83	3.74	7.12	2.15	1.05	27.29	36.31	18.91	4.47
荧蒽	21.41	820.53	30.06	12.95	9.47	23.77	20.22	24.28	21.33	35.02	25.77	19.85	113.34	167.08	126.28	24.26
芘	21.23	830.49	29.21	10.38	8.72	19.50	19.12	23.97	18.35	32.75	24.73	14.22	119.51	167.84	126.94	24.86
苯并(a)蒽	7.04	441.35	11.23	4.22	3.50	8.35	8.25	9.70	7.99	14.91	11.37	5.93	55.54	91.82	64.23	11.24
屈	7.72	698.61	13.32	6.67	3.96	12.66	11.28	11.07	9.48	17.26	16.62	9.28	56.06	78.66	58.62	11.58
苯并(b)荧蒽	10.13	805.61	21.02	5.60	5.03	13.96	10.87	15.98	14.09	22.64	18.07	8.29	79.22	109.98	82.30	16.58
苯并(k)荧蒽	3.55	314.23	8.24	2.56	1.88	5.16	4.22	5.13	5.51	8.67	7.86	4.32	27.66	41.35	30.12	5.71
苯并(a)芘	5.28	555.96	10.57	1.90	2.00	3.32	4.18	7.94	7.35	13.32	3.98	1.87	50.50	87.01	55.81	9.42
二苯并(a, h)蒽	1.41	43.81	2.66	1.50	0.56	2.26	1.85	1.70	1.93	2.25	3.16	2.07	10.24	14.09	8.53	1.68
苯并(g, h, i)苝	7.73	17.54	13.50	4.04	6.58	8.20	7.04	11.75	13.71	25.33	11.49	6.37	58.61	76.18	62.39	19.03
∑PAHs	161.27	5206.97	294.47	88.48	83.43	195.09	176.70	222.34	203.78	352.97	217.40	198.62	1115.73	1430.17	949.66	240.60

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表 3 不同地区河口和近海沉积物多环芳烃含量

Table 3. Concentrations of PAHs in coastal and estuary sediments from different regions

	研究区域	PAHs 测定项目	PAHs含量(ng/g)		文献来源
范围	研究区域	PAHs 测定项目	平均值		文献来源
中国	天津滨海地区	16种	274.06~2656.65	1198.51	卢晓霞等^[8]
	渤海湾近海	16种	107~265	162	黄国培等^[9]
	黄河口	16种	47.395~202.628	101.596	刘爱霞等^[10]
	日照近岸海域	16种	76.2~27512.2	2622.7	郎印海等^[11]
	长江口邻近海域	16种	99.6~684.4	395.7	王波等^[5]
	长江口滨岸	16种	737~1812(枯季)	1154	欧冬妮等^[6]
	长江口滨岸	16种	235~1516(洪季)	605	欧冬妮等^[6]
	长江口启东— 崇明岛航道	14种	83.43~5206.97	736.95	本研究
	杭州湾潮滩	16种	7.13~226.16	66.16	陈卓敏等^[12]
	泉州湾	16种	182.8~721.1	353.8	庄婉娥等^[13]
	珠江口	16种	156.32~9219.78	-	麦碧娴等^[14]
	九龙江河口	-	280.0~1074.5	646.68	Tian等^[15]
	湛江湾	16种	41.96~933.90	315.98	Huang等^[16]
	雷州湾	16种	21.72~319.61	103.91	Huang等^[16]
	台湾Kaohsiung港	17种	472~16201	5764	Chen等^[17]
	香港近海养殖区	16种	123~947	450	Wang等^[18]
国外	意大利海洋保护区	16种	0.71~1549.91	155.26	Perra等^[19]
	法国Huveaune河	16种	572~4235	1966±1104	Kanzari等^[20]
	英国Mersey河口	15种	626~3766	-	Vane等^[21]

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表 4 长江口启东—崇明岛航道沉积物中PAHs生态风险评价

Table 4. Ecological risk assessment of PAHs in waterway sediment from Qidong and Chongming Island

PAHs	ERL值 (ng/g)	ERM值 (ng/g)	< ERL的点位(个)	ERL~ERM的点位	>ERM的点位(个)
萘	160	2100	14	C8，C9	0
苊	16	500	6	Q1，Q2，Q3，C3，C4， C5，C8，C9，C10，C11	0
芴	19	540	15	Q2	0
菲	240	1500	15	Q2	0
蒽	85.3	1100	16	0	0
荧蒽	600	5100	15	Q2	0
芘	665	2600	15	Q2	0
苯并(a)蒽	261	1600	15	Q2	0
屈	384	2800	15	Q2	0
苯并(b)荧蒽	-	-	-	-	-
苯并(k)荧蒽	-	-	-	-	-
苯并(a)芘	430	1600	15	Q2	0
二苯并(a，h)蒽	-	-	-	-	-
苯并(g，h，i)苝	63.4	260	15	C9	0
ΣPAHs	4022	44792	15	Q2	0

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长江口启东—崇明岛航道沉积物中多环芳烃分布来源及生态风险评价

1. 南京地质矿产研究所, 江苏 南京 210016 2. 南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 江苏 南京 210095

作者简介: 沈小明, 博士研究生, 主要从事有机污染物分析测试及环境行为研究. E-mail: xiaomings007@126.com

Distribution Characteristics, Sources and Ecological Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Waterway Sediments from Qidong and Chongming Island of Yangtze River Estuary

1. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Nanjing 210016, China 2. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

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1.
南京地质矿产研究所, 江苏南京 210016

2.
南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 江苏南京 210095

1.
Nanjing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Nanjing 210016, China

2.
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China