Geochemistry of Rare Earth and Trace Elements in Rare Earth Tailings from Sichuan Province and the Significance of the Exploitation and Utilization
-
摘要: 四川是我国轻稀土的重要产地,稀土开采至今已有二十多年的历史,积存了大量尾砂。尾砂中仍然有丰富的稀土资源,但这部分资源究竟有多大的量、能不能再次回收,如何回收,则是当务之急。为查明稀土尾砂中各类元素的分布特征,本文对A、B、C、D四个稀土矿山的尾砂开展了稀土元素和微量元素地球化学特征的初步研究。结果表明:尾砂中稀土元素配分特征继承了原矿石,稀土氧化物含量普遍偏高(0.78%~2.12%),均超过了现行工业指标的边界品位(0.5%~1.0%),且老尾砂的稀土含量高于新尾砂;除了富集稀土元素之外,B尾砂中Sr含量超过10%,C矿区尾砂中Sr含量为2.7%,A矿区尾砂中Ba含量可达1.8%。同时,不同矿区的尾砂中Mo、Bi、Pb、Ag等有用元素发生了不同程度地富集(值得综合回收利用),尤其是Mo达到了边界品位(磁选后的尾砂Mo含量达到2.275%)。本文提出,今后不仅要加强保护四川稀土尾砂,而且需对富集的有用元素采取恰当的方式加以综合回收。Abstract: Sichuan Province is one of the most important provinces in China for light rare earth element (LREE) resources, where they have been mined for more than 20 years. There is now a large volume of tailings present in the mines still containing an abundance of rare earth resources. It would be beneficial to the mine owners to recover the REEs in the tailings so an estimate of the amount would be extremely beneficial. Preliminary research has already been undertaken on the geochemistry of trace and rare earth elements in tailing samples from the A, B, C and D REE deposits. The results show that the REE distribution patterns of tailing samples are inherited from rare earth ores in REE deposits. The contents of rare earth oxides (REO) in samples are higher than the current cut-off grade (0.5%-1.0%), and the old tailings are higher than the new. In addition to the enrichment of REEs, samples of B (Sr 10%) and C (Sr 2.7%) are also rich in Sr while A samples are rich in Ba (1.8%). Mo, Bi, Pb and Ag are enriched in different degrees in all samples and in particular, the Mo content reached its cut-off grade, at 2.275% in the tailings of magnetic separation. It is evident from these results that it is necessary to protect tailings in rare earth mines in Sichuan Province, and to take appropriate measures to reclaim higher concentration elements.
-
-
表 1 四川A、B、C和D稀土矿尾砂中稀土元素含量
Table 1. REE contents of tailings from the A,B,C and D REE deposits in Sichuan Province
样品编号 w/10-6 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Y A4-1s 5219 6625 569 1562 147 32.5 62.24 8.01 33.1 5.41 17.8 1.86 12.2 1.83 162 A4-2s 4995 5784 456 1265 108 25.4 42.36 5.73 22.4 3.47 11.3 1.16 7.49 1.04 110 A3-1s 6382 8000 661 1728 134 23.8 27.44 5.60 22.2 3.46 12.6 1.17 7.64 1.08 113 D-1s1 3758 4824 396 1119 103 18.5 42.51 5.76 24.3 3.92 12.5 1.33 8.64 1.23 143 B-甲-1s 2106 3175 259 796 87.4 23.8 45.79 5.19 22.3 3.33 9.85 0.89 5.14 0.62 90.0 B-乙-1s 5420 8655 838 2553 261 58.4 87.83 11.0 38.3 4.99 14.5 1.06 5.58 0.68 140 C-1s 5440 7368 627 1633 115 21.0 11.47 3.45 10.6 1.48 6.94 0.48 3.46 0.62 38.6 英碱正长岩 102 138 15 45 7 1.6 4.35 0.58 2.4 0.49 1.24 0.17 1.02 0.15 16.6 矿化英碱正长岩 808 1090 117 323 32 6.1 16.34 1.89 6.2 1.50 2.71 0.40 1.88 0.25 33.3 矿化碱长花岗岩 854 1517 158 490 57 11.1 27.82 3.11 9.6 2.04 3.39 0.54 2.45 0.34 32.5 煌斑岩 3236 6002 588 1908 215 35.9 87.10 10.58 26.0 5.34 10.32 1.65 8.36 1.16 110.3 碳酸岩 729 1288 147 504 67 16.0 41.94 5.22 21.8 4.17 9.33 1.23 6.40 0.83 92.2 牦牛坪160 8876 13927 1333 4594 377 70.1 199.07 36.80 64.6 15.41 18.52 12.36 15.50 2.17 219.3 注: 英碱正长岩、矿化英碱正长岩、矿化碱长花岗岩、煌斑岩和碳酸岩均属于牦牛坪的岩石样品平均值,原始资料见文献[5 - 7]。牦牛坪160指的是矿区160件原生矿石样品的平均值,据四川稀土行业协会和四川109地质队合编的资料[13]。 表 2 四川A、B、C和D稀土矿尾砂中微量元素含量
Table 2. Trace element contents of tailings from the A, B, C and D REE deposits in Sichuan Province
样品编号 产地 w/10-6 Li Be Ti Cr Mn Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Sr Rb Hf Zr Nb Mo Ag Cd In Sn Sb Ba Cs Ta W Tl Pb Bi Th U Te As Rb Sc A4-1s A 100.2 8.7 1362 27.1 3751 6.7 11.1 155.5 425 105.3 3.8 1012 154.4 6.9 167.1 138.4 177.1 1.0 1.9 0.0 4.7 <0.1 14510 1.7 2.1 5.1 0.8 6702 136.1 67.0 90.4 0.9 9.8 154.4 4.7 A4-2s A 2.8 0.6 137 10.4 785 0.7 2.2 40.2 48.5 87.8 2.9 830 5.0 11.2 316.8 124.1 22750 9.6 3.0 0.1 0.8 <0.1 3626 0.1 0.9 10.2 0.1 52710 297.0 134.8 101.6 3.9 12.0 5.0 0.8 A3-1s A 111.0 5.7 2217 25.6 1340 5.2 10.3 61.6 267 133.8 4.6 2371 150.8 12.4 382.9 103.6 368 0.7 2.0 0.0 5.8 0.2 18030 2.0 2.9 5.2 0.6 2468 23.8 151.7 49.7 0.4 18.4 150.8 5.5 D-1s1 D 153.1 8.1 2124 34.6 684 8.5 17.3 21.9 217 106.5 5.3 90.1 244.3 7.6 195.2 26.9 43.0 0.4 0.4 0.1 5.3 <0.1 1185 6.4 2.3 2.8 0.9 483 12.3 57.6 25.7 0.3 11.4 244.3 8.4 B-甲-1s B 22.1 7.3 891 15.3 991 5.5 10.9 42.2 188 46.4 1.7 107400 58.6 2.3 61.8 32.0 114 1.5 1.4 0.0 0.7 0.2 3290 1.7 0.3 6.8 0.4 1949 1.1 12.3 23.7 0.7 6.9 58.6 4.8 B-乙-1s B 108.3 15.4 1181 17.5 955 9.1 11.7 41.2 326 121.5 2.6 106200 65.8 1.6 40.8 12.4 51.7 1.0 0.6 0.0 0.8 0.3 1513 3.0 0.2 7.8 0.5 1314 0.3 7.3 29.8 0.5 12.1 65.8 8.0 C-1s C 1.9 0.4 417 9.0 132 89.1 16.8 55.8 41.6 110.9 3.6 27000 10.1 40.7 1587 7.8 5232 94.6 12.7 0.0 0.5 <0.1 255 C-1s 0.1 0.2 9.4 0.9 26820 580.9 473.2 69.7 13.3 14.5 10.1 1.9 -
[1] 涂铭旌.充分利用四川丰产稀土资源,促进稀土工业持续发展[J].世界科技研究与发展,2003,25(1):1-5. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJKF200301001.htm
[2] 程建忠,车丽萍.中国稀土资源开采现状及发展趋势[J].稀土,2010,31(2):65-85. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XTZZ201002020.htm
[3] 袁忠信,李建康,王登红,郑国栋,娄德波,陈郑辉,赵芝,于扬.中国稀土矿床成矿规律[M].北京,地质出版社,2012:116.
[4] 王国祥,周建英,涂明泉.四川省冕宁县牦牛坪稀土尾矿综合利用探讨[J].资源环境与工程,2007,21(5):624-628. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HBDK200705030.htm
[5] Wang D H, Yang J M, Yan S H, Xu J, Chen Y C, Pu G P, Luo Y N. A special orogenic-type rare earth element deposit in Maoniuping, Sichuan, China: Geology and geochemistry [J]. ResourceGeology, 2001, 51(3):177-188. doi: 10.1111/rge.2001.51.issue-3
[6] 王登红,杨建民,闫升好,陈毓川,徐珏.四川牦牛坪碳酸岩的同位素地球化学及其成矿动力学[J].成都理工学院学报,2002,39(5):539-544. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CDLG200205014.htm
[7] 王登红,陈毓川,徐珏,邹天人,薛春纪,罗君烈,骆耀南,伍广宇,李志伟,余金杰,闫升好,杨建民,傅旭杰,付小方,傅德明,楚萤石,魏琳,李晓焰.中国新生代成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:853.
[8] 袁忠信,白鸽.四川冕宁牦牛坪稀土矿床[M].北京:地震出版社,1996.
[9] 中国矿床发现史·四川卷编委会.中国矿床发现史·四川卷[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:223.
[10] 秦震.攀西地区碱性岩类稀有、稀土矿成矿条件及找矿前景[J].四川地质学报,1995,15(2):101-113. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SCDB502.004.htm
[11] 李小渝,何庆.攀西地区稀土成矿带成矿地质特征[J].四川地质学报,2000,20(1):50-57. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SCDB200001011.htm
[12] 中国地质科学院矿产综合利用研究所.四川冕宁稀土资源开发利用现状和进展[R]//我国三稀矿产资源战略调查阶段性成果(第一辑).北京:中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,2011.
[13] 四川稀土行业协会,四川109地质队.四川稀土资源及开发利用[R].1999.
[14] 黎彤,袁怀雨.大洋岩石圈和大陆岩石圈的元素丰度[J].地球化学,2011,40(1):1-5. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQHX201101001.htm
[15] 王登红,王瑞江,李建康,赵芝,于扬,代晶晶,陈郑辉,李德先,屈文俊,邓茂春,付小方,孙艳,郑国栋.中国三稀矿产资源战略调查研究进展综述[J].中国地质,2013,40(2):361-370. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZI201302002.htm
-