Geochemistry of Rare Earth and Trace Elements in Rare Earth Concentrate from Sichuan Province and the Significance of the Exploitation and Utilization
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摘要: 四川省是我国轻稀土的重要产地，开采近二十年来生产了大量稀土精矿，精矿的稀土品位及其他有用元素组成对矿山资源评价及企业生存至关重要。本文对A、B、C三个稀土矿区稀土精矿的稀土元素和微量元素组成特征进行了研究。结果表明：不同矿区、不同选矿方法、不同企业生产的精矿，其稀土元素和微量元素含量存在显著差异；A矿区浮选精矿的稀土含量最低(ΣREEs=41.57%)，而C矿区精矿的稀土含量最高(ΣREEs=55.83%)；A矿区磁选精矿的稀土含量(ΣREEs=49.96%)高于浮选精矿(ΣREEs=41.57%)；B矿区甲公司(ΣREEs=48.35%)精矿产品的稀土含量高于乙公司精矿产品(ΣREEs=42.92%)。精矿的稀土元素配分特征继承了原矿石的同时普遍亏损Tb和Yb，推测是选矿过程导致了元素的亏损。精矿中除了富集稀土元素，Mo、Bi、Pb、Ga、Th、U、W等有用元素也发生了不同程度的富集，综合利用价值高，尤其是Mo(0.56%)和Ga(0.036%)的含量已达到现行边界品位。本文提出，今后在提高精矿稀土品位的同时，需对富集的元素采取恰当的方式加以综合回收。Abstract: Sichuan Province is one of the most important provinces in China for light rare earth element (LREE) resources, where has been produced a large amount of rare earth concentrate in the past 20 years. Rare earth elements ΣREEs) and other useful elements in rare earth concentrates are very important for resource evaluation and enterprise survival. In this paper, geochemistry of rare earth elements (REEs) and trace elements in samples from the A, B and C REE deposits has been studied. The results show that the content of REEs and trace elements in rare earth concentrate samples are changed in different deposit, enterprise and different mineral dressing process. The lowest level of ΣREEs is from A (ΣREEs=41.96%), the highest level is from C (ΣREEs=55.83%). ΣREEs of magnetic concentrate (ΣREEs=49.96%) is higher than flotation concentrate (ΣREEs=41.57%), and ΣREEs from Jia Company (ΣREEs=48.35%) is higher than from Yi Company (ΣREEs=42.92%). The REE distribution patterns of concentrate sample are inherited from rare earth ores while Tb and Yb are depleted, indicating that the mineral dressing process may lead to loss of these elements. REEs are enriched in concentrate sample, and Mo, Bi, Pb, Ga, Th, U, W are also enriched. Especially, Mo and Ga are in cut-off grade. These results indicate that it is necessary to increase REE grade of rare earth concentrate, and to take appropriate measures to reclaim higher concentration elements.
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表 1 四川省A、B、C稀土矿精矿的稀土元素含量
Table 1. REE contents of samples from the A,B and C REE deposit in Sichuan Province
样品编号 w/% La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Y Sc A-1jk(磁) 17.49 25.06 1.47 5.04 0.34 0.079 0.22 < 0.005 0.11 0.0082 0.037 0.0055 0.0005 0.0004 0.080 0.016 A-2jk(浮) 14.64 20.79 1.35 4.12 0.27 0.054 0.17 < 0.005 0.08 0.0065 0.026 0.0049 < 0.0001 0.0004 0.057 0.013 B-甲-1jka(精) 16.80 24.76 1.39 4.69 0.25 0.064 0.18 < 0.005 0.09 0.0075 0.029 0.0049 0.0002 0.0003 0.063 0.017 B-甲-1jkb(粗) 4.35 6.22 0.47 1.20 0.07 0.018 0.05 < 0.005 0.04 0.0019 0.009 0.0009 0.0002 0.0001 0.019 0.004 B-乙-jka(粗) 3.51 5.79 0.48 1.30 0.11 0.026 0.07 < 0.005 0.04 0.0020 0.011 0.0011 0.0004 0.0002 0.029 0.004 B-乙-jkb(精) 13.59 22.33 1.26 4.80 0.37 0.085 0.22 < 0.005 0.12 0.0076 0.034 0.0047 0.0001 0.0003 0.080 0.015 C-jk(精) 18.81 28.70 1.44 5.99 0.34 0.081 0.23 < 0.005 0.12 0.0085 0.036 0.0062 0.0001 0.0003 0.052 0.019 C-jk(Fe) 0.097 0.15 0.019 0.033 0.001 0.004 0.01 0.008 0.01 0.0003 0.001 0.0004 0.0017 0.0019 0.001 < 0.004 牦牛坪160 8876 13927 1333 4594 377 70.1 199.07 36.8 64.6 15.41 18.52 12.36 15.5 2.17 219.3 注：牦牛坪160指的是矿区160件原生矿石样品的平均值，单位为10-6[14]。Tb的含量在精矿粉中均为＜50×10-6，在原矿石中为37×10-6。 
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表 2 四川A、B和C稀土矿精矿粉中微量元素含量
Table 2. Trace element contents of samples from the A, B and C REE deposit in Sichuan Province
样品编号 w/10-6 Li Be Ti Mn Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Nb Mo Ag Cd In Sn Sb Cs Ta W Tl Pb Bi Th U A-1jk(磁) 67 5.4 1228 11729 15.0 5.5 279 686 498 187 776 1 1.4 0.04 6.3 0.6 0.3 3.1 12.6 0.8 1444 176 1230 100 A-2jk(浮) 50 0.6 252 313 0.3 0.2 27 93 436 48 37288 17 0.4 0.06 3.1 0.5 0.1 0.8 14.7 0.1 8473 153 907 23 B-甲-1jka(精) 36 10.5 1455 342 33.5 20.2 101 943 188 18 127 3 1.7 0.03 3.2 3.8 0.7 0.3 5.9 0.3 131 0.8 391 68 B-甲-1jkb(粗) 74 5.1 2306 547 19.3 13.5 121 397 386 33 34 1 0.7 0.02 3.1 1.7 1.1 0.8 9.2 0.3 1625 0.3 1122 154 B-乙-jka(粗) 49 3.0 1966 277 7.6 5.8 33 176 441 116 79 2 0.5 0.01 3.3 1.8 0.3 0.9 9.5 0.1 55 0.6 1062 78 B-乙-jkb(精) 14 3.3 685 166 3.6 7.6 35 125 160 41 430 2 0.4 0.01 3.0 2.7 0.2 0.3 3.6 0.1 208 1.1 371 28 C-jk(精) 26 0.2 788 151 9.2 5.0 36 83 409 20 719 27 0.5 0.02 3.1 0.4 0.3 1.1 1.8 0.3 1411 98.1 3301 217 C-jk(Fe) 2 0.7 1365 913 22.7 46.8 56 331 10 6 46 1 0.1 0.04 3.7 0.5 0.2 0.3 2.2 0.0 191 8.4 49 8
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