Technological Mineralogy Research of Silver in the Lead-Zinc Ore Deposit in West Baoshan, Hunan Province
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摘要: 湖南宝山铅锌矿西部矿区为中低温热液裂隙充填交代型铅锌银矿床。本文对该矿带银的工艺矿物学进行系统研究，利用多种现代分析技术手段，查明矿石中银的主要矿物种类、赋存状态和工艺特征。化学分析结果确定矿石中银的平均品位为156.6×10-6；地质小样化学分析统计显示银含量在空间上呈现上部高、下部低，平面上北西和南西部较北东和南东高的特征；白云岩型、砂岩型、灰岩型、角砾岩型矿石的银平均含量分别为595.78×10-6、247.97×10-6、195.83×10-6、169.73×10-6，白云岩型矿石的银含量最高，角砾岩矿石的银含量最低；银与方铅矿关系密切，银和铅二者的含量总体表现出良好的趋同性，据此可预测高品位的铅矿石的银含量高。对光片进行显微镜下鉴定、扫描电镜以及电子探针分析，确定矿区的金属矿物主要是方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿和黄铁矿，初步查明矿石中的银矿物主要是银黝铜矿，其次是含银砷黝铜矿和含银方铅矿；该矿床银的存在形式主要有两种：一种是以独立矿物——银黝铜矿形式存在，这部分银含量为10.179%~13.579%，银的平均含量为12.061%；另一种是赋存于方铅矿中，这部分银含量为0.011%~0.127%，银的平均含量为0.069%。经银的物相分析、单矿物银含量分析和平衡配分计算，揭示银黝铜矿虽然含有较高品位的银，但因矿物含量较少，银的平衡配分低；方铅矿的银含量不高，但由于矿物含量高，平衡配分率达到84.78%，因此成为银的主要载体矿物。筛析实验也发现银与铅有较好的趋同性，进一步印证了银的主要载体矿物是方铅矿，并且银在细粒级中含量偏高。本研究提出，在选矿过程中要提高银的回收率，应重视细粒级中主金属元素铅、锌的回收。Abstract: The Lead-Zinc ore deposit in west Baoshan, Hunan Province, belongs to a medium-low temperature hydrothermal filling-metasomatic deposit, of which the grade of silver is 156.6 μg/g through chemical analysis. The study of the process mineralogy of silver in this ore zone is presented in this paper. By means of ore microscopy, chemical analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA), the main types of silver, host occurrence of Ag and technological features were studied. Silver is mainly enriched in the upper seam rather than the lower seam, and is richer in the NW-SW seam than that in the NE-SE seam, based on the chemical analysis of ore samples, of which the ore types mainly include dolomite-type, sandstone-type, limestone-type and breccias-type, with silver content of 595.78 μg/g, 247.97 μg/g, 195.8 μg/g and 169.73 μg/g, respectively. The highest content of silver was found in dolomite-type ores and the lowest in breccias-type. By means of ore microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA), the metal minerals are mainly galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and pyrite, and freibergite, tennantite and and galena were the main silver-bearing minerals.The silver has two main forms in the deposit. The first form is independent silver-bearing mineral, freibergite. Quantitative analysis of EPMA showed that the content of silver in freibergite were 10.179%-13.579% with average content of 12.061%. The second form occurs in galena, the content of silver were 0.011%-0.127% with average content of 0.069%. By means of phase analysis, individual minerals analysis, it identifies that 84.78% of silver in ore mainly hosted in galenite, galenite is main carrier mineral. Partition calculation indicates that the convergence of silver and lead. This study suggests that, in order to improve silver recovery from ores during dressing processes, particularly care and attention should be paid to the recoveries of lead and zinc at the fine-grain level.
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Key words:
- lead-zinc ore /
- silver /
- process mineralogy /
- Hunan Baoshan
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表 1 宝山铅锌矿西部矿带矿石化学成分分析结果
Table 1. Analytical results of chemical composition of lead-zine ore deposit in west Baoshan
元素 w/(μg·g-1) Ag 156.6 Bi 210 Cd 560 Se 31 Te 97 Tl 23 Au 1.41 W 130 Mo 86 Ge 0.6 In 8 元素 w/% Pb 5.45 Zn 6.97 Cu 0.11 S 14.47 As 0.15 Fe 1.07 SiO2 8.62 Al2O3 1.46 TFe2O3 13.43 CaO 23.52 
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表 2 宝山铅锌矿西部矿带不同中段银含量化学分析结果
Table 2. Analytical results of Ag in different level of lead-zine ore deposit in west Baoshan
样品位置 样品类型 样品数量 测定指标 w(Ag)/10-6 w/% Pb Zn S -150中段 角砾岩 2 最小值 76.59 2.42 6.06 8.52 灰岩 3 最大值 461.80 23.56 17.77 25.72 砂岩 2 平均值 224.56 8.79 10.24 15.58 白云岩 3 -110中段 角砾岩 1 最小值 236.70 7.96 5.65 7.98 灰岩 1 最大值 1202.00 38.25 17.59 20.95 砂岩 1 平均值 553.94 19.316 9.48 14.13 白云岩 2
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表 3 宝山铅锌矿西部矿带不同平面区域银含量化学分析结果
Table 3. Analytical results of Ag in different regions of lead-zine ore deposit in west Baoshan
样品位置 样品数量 w(Ag)/10-6 w/% Pb Zn S -150
中段南西 4 261.38 8.83 9.80 13.84 北西 2 335.65 16.21 13.88 13.82 北东 2 96.59 3.43 9.14 25.48 南东 2 167.82 6.70 8.60 10.92 -110
中段南西 2 286.45 7.17 6.83 14.47 北西 2 940.40 33.78 12.03 14.22 北东 1 316.00 14.68 9.71 13.30
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表 4 宝山铅锌矿西部矿带不同矿石类型银含量化学分析结果
Table 4. Analytical results of Ag in different ore types of lead-zine ore deposit in west Baoshan
样品类型 样品数量 测定指标 w(Ag)/10-6 w/% Pb Zn S 白云岩型 5 最小值 209.50 8.86 6.46 11.96 最大值 1202.00 38.25 17.77 20.15 平均值 595.78 22.33 12.60 15.24 砂岩型 3 最小值 189.40 5.89 7.37 12.59 最大值 317.80 12.01 12.86 20.95 平均值 247.97 8.09 9.41 15.88 灰岩型 4 最小值 97.60 2.42 5.65 7.98 最大值 336.20 10.97 10.92 11.71 平均值 195.83 6.78 7.65 9.58 角砾岩型 3 最小值 76.59 3.25 6.06 13.30 最大值 316.00 14.68 12.22 25.72 平均值 169.73 7.16 9.33 21.42
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表 5 宝山铅锌矿西部矿带银矿物的电子探针分析结果
Table 5. EPMA data of silver minerals from the lead-zine ore deposit in west Baoshan
矿物名称 样品编号 w/% 总量/% Ag Cu S Sb As Zn Fe Pb 银黝铜矿 BZK16501-01-01 13.579 27.938 20.873 25.956 0.883 6.579 1.253 0.000 97.061 BZK16501-01-02 12.456 28.370 20.404 25.932 1.553 6.204 0.293 0.000 95.212 BZK16501-01-03 12.845 28.103 20.355 25.216 2.022 6.201 0.348 0.000 95.093 BZK16501-01-04 12.209 28.481 23.177 25.499 1.965 6.420 0.355 0.000 98.106 BZK16501-01-05 12.788 27.719 22.982 25.085 3.576 6.204 0.243 0.000 98.597 BZK16501-01-06 12.569 27.596 22.992 25.179 3.447 3.447 0.275 0.017 98.502 BZK16501-01-07 10.406 29.214 20.991 24.830 2.638 6.437 0.417 0.000 94.933 BZK16501-01-08 11.516 29.177 21.073 24.260 2.935 6.448 0.379 0.000 95.796 B150-4-1 10.179 30.757 24.076 27.190 0.873 6.487 0.560 0.000 100.175 平均值 12.061 28.595 21.880 25.461 2.210 6.047 0.458 0.002 97.053 含银砷黝铜矿 BZK16501-01-09 0.761 41.837 26.520 1.256 22.403 7.014 1.258 0.000 101.049 BZK16501-01-10 0.923 40.253 26.643 4.235 20.053 6.924 1.073 0.000 100.104 BZK16501-01-11 1.923 41.253 27.643 5.235 21.053 7.924 2.073 1.000 100.104 BZK16501-01-12 2.923 42.253 28.643 6.235 22.053 8.924 3.073 2.000 100.104 BZK16501-01-13 1.302 40.978 25.946 6.692 18.514 7.066 0.987 0.000 101.485 BZK16501-01-14 1.323 39.824 26.097 7.231 17.582 7.220 0.887 0.000 100.164 BZK16501-01-15 1.163 39.757 26.532 5.212 18.542 7.004 1.122 0.000 99.332 BZK16501-01-16 1.623 40.190 26.614 6.579 18.065 7.352 1.140 0.000 101.563 BZK16501-01-17 1.982 39.601 26.340 7.195 17.286 6.634 1.968 0.000 101.006 BZK16501-01-18 1.746 39.987 26.644 8.045 16.687 7.548 0.818 0.000 101.475 BZK16501-01-19 1.290 39.605 26.629 5.867 18.160 6.076 2.264 0.000 99.891 BZK16501-01-20 1.845 39.528 25.859 7.331 17.576 6.408 1.440 0.000 99.987 B150-4-2 2.342 37.576 26.339 9.843 14.948 2.913 3.693 0.000 97.654 平均值 1.598 36.678 24.427 6.376 16.529 6.175 1.734 0.203 100.269 方铅矿 B150-4-3 0.127 0.000 13.211 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 85.613 99.143 B150-4-4 0.011 0.044 13.277 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.021 85.578 98.931 平均值 0.069 0.087 13.244 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.011 85.596 99.037 闪锌矿 B150-4-5 0.000 0.033 33.663 0.000 0.216 60.244 4.043 0.000 98.214 B150-4-6 0.000 0.000 33.160 0.000 0.000 60.593 4.134 0.000 97.895 平均值 0.000 0.017 33.412 0.000 0.108 60.419 4.089 0.000 98.055 黄铁矿 B150-4-8 0.000 0.000 51.907 0.000 0.263 0.000 44.228 0.000 96.398 B150-4-9 0.001 0.000 52.172 0.000 0.095 0.066 44.602 0.000 96.964 平均值 0.001 0.000 52.040 0.000 0.179 0.033 44.415 0.000 96.681
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表 6 宝山铅锌矿西部矿带矿石中银的物相分析
Table 6. Phase analysis for silver in lead-zine ore deposit in west Baoshan
矿物名称 银品位
w(Ag)/10-6相对含量
w/%银硫盐(银硫化物) 57.33 37.2 方铅矿 50.72 32.9 闪锌矿 13.21 8.6 黄铁矿、毒砂 30.40 19.8 脉石 2.28 1.5 合计 153.91 100
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表 7 宝山铅锌矿西部矿带单矿物银分析
Table 7. Silver analysis for individual minerals in lead-zine ore deposit in west Baoshan
矿物名称 w(Ag)/10-6 w/% Pb Zn Fe S 方铅矿 2065 83.31 - - 14.41 闪锌矿 114.60 - 56.96 5.20 33.20 黄铁矿 44.25 - - 44.59 51.73 综合脉石 3.62 - - - -
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表 8 宝山铅锌矿西部矿带矿石中银的平衡配分
Table 8. Silver equilibrium partition of mineral in lead-zine ore deposit in west Baosha
矿物名称 矿物含量
/%
a矿物含银量
/10-6
b银金属量
/10-6
c银在各矿物中的配分比/% 相对配分比
d绝对配分比
e方铅矿 6.29 2065 129.89 84.78 82.94 闪锌矿 11.15 114.6 12.78 8.34 8.16 黄铁矿 18.60 44.25 8.23 5.37 5.26 综合脉石 63.96 3.62 2.32 1.51 1.48 合计 100 - 153.22 100 97.84 注：c=a×b；d=c/∑c×100%；e=c/f×100%。a为矿物含量百分比；b为矿物含银量；f为大样中银品位值。经化学分析f＝156.6×10-6。配分平衡系数g=∑c/f×100%=153.21/156.6×100%=97.84%。
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表 9 矿石大样筛析结果
Table 9. Analytical results of sieve analysis of minerals
粒级 相对含量 w(Ag)/10-6 w/% Pb Zn +200目 19.40 98.84 3.14 7.79 -200~+325目 22.98 171.10 5.48 8.34 -325~+500目 18.90 182.30 7.14 8.03 -500目 38.72 188.40 6.92 6.46 合计 100 - - -
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