Lead Pollution and Isotopic Signature of the Dusts around Urban Roads in Shihezi City, Xinjiang Province
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摘要: 城市道路尘土中重金属污染已成为当前重大的环境问题之一。本文对我国西部石河子市城区道路尘土的重金属污染进行评价，利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅的含量及铅同位素组成，采用地积累指数法评价铅的污染程度。结果显示，石河子市城区道路尘土中重金属铅的含量范围为19.36~84.63 mg/kg，平均含量为37.85 mg/kg，高于当地土壤背景值，但明显低于我国其他大中型城市，表明当前石河子市的环境质量已经受到人为活动的干扰；尘土中铅的地积累指数在-0.59~1.54之间，平均值为0.30，属于轻度污染水平。利用铅同位素示踪法识别铅污染的来源，206Pb/207Pb比值的范围是1.159~1.182，208Pb/207Pb比值的范围是2.391~2.457，均接近于煤炭和建筑材料的铅同位素比值，初步判断石河子道路尘土的铅污染主要受到煤炭燃烧和城市建设的影响。Abstract: Heavy metal pollution on urban roads is an important problem for the city environment. Lead pollution characteristics in the dusts around urban roads has been studied and assessed in Shihezi, west China. Pb concentrations and Pb isotopic compositions in dusts were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The Geoaccumulation Index was applied to the assessment of the degree of Pb pollution. The results show that the range of lead concentrations in the dusts is 19.36-84.63 mg/kg (mean concentration: 37.85 mg/kg), which is higher than the local soil background value and lower than values in other big cities in China. The results indicate that a considerable Pb contamination in the Shihezi city environment was significantly affected by anthropogenic activities. The range of the Geoaccumulation Index is -0.59-1.54 (average value is 0.30), indicating that Pb is at the lightly to moderately polluted' level. The Pb isotope ratios in dusts (206Pb/207Pb: 1.159-1.182 and 208Pb/207Pb: 2.391-2.457) were similar to those in coal combustion and building materials.
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Key words:
- lead pollution /
- geoaccumulation index /
- lead isotopic compositions /
- road dusts
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表 1 Pb同位素比值测定的仪器工作参数
Table 1. The working parameters of the ICP-MS instrument for Pb isotope ratio measurement
工作参数 设定条件 灵敏度 1000 cps CeO/Ce产率 <3% Ba++/Ba产率 <3% 扫描次数 250次 读数 5 重复次数 5次 采样锥 镍锥 样品进样浓度 10~30 μg/L 
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表 2 地积累指数与污染程度分级
Table 2. Geoaccumulation index and classification of pollution degree
Igeo值 级数 污染程度 < 0 0 无 0～1 1 无～中 1～2 2 中 2～3 3 中～强 3～4 4 强 4～5 5 强～极强 > 5 6 极强
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表 3 石河子道路尘土中铅含量
Table 3. Concentrations of Pb in road dusts collected from Shihezi City
数值 w(Pb)/(mg·kg-1) 相对背景值的倍数 最小值 19.36 1.00 最大值 84.63 4.36 平均值 37.85 1.95 变异系数/% 35.21 - 背景值 19.40 1.00
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表 4 石河子和其他城市道路尘土中铅的含量比较
Table 4. Comparison of Pb content in road dusts of Shihezi City and other cities
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表 5 地积累指数评价结果
Table 5. The assessment results of geoaccumulation index for Pb in road dusts
采样点 地积累指数 污染程度 1 1.02 中 2 1.03 中 3 0.74 无～中 4 0.14 无～中 5 -0.10 无 6 -0.08 无 7 0.50 无～中 8 0.70 无～中 9 0.56 无～中 10 0.13 无～中 11 0.33 无～中 12 0.06 无～中 13 0.23 无～中 14 0.23 无～中 15 0.45 无～中 16 0.68 无～中 17 0.38 无～中 18 -0.10 无 19 0.04 无～中 20 0.38 无～中 21 0.11 无～中 22 -0.33 无 23 -0.24 无 24 0.15 无～中 25 0.86 无～中 26 0.85 无～中 27 -0.59 无 28 -0.08 无 29 0.54 无～中 30 -0.19 无 31 -0.29 无 32 1.54 中 平均值 0.30 无～中
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表 6 石河子道路尘土与其他环境介质的铅同位素比值
Table 6. Pb isotope ratio of road dusts in Shihezi and other environment media
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