Mineralogical Characteristics of Skarn in Tuosibasitao Iron-Copper-Gold Deposits of the Northern Margin of Junggar, Xinjiang, and Their Geological Significance
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摘要: 托斯巴斯套铁铜金矿床赋存于中泥盆统北塔山组火山岩与闪长(玢)岩的接触带中，矿体呈脉状、透镜状，矿体及其周围发育大量矽卡岩。本文分别利用电子探针、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)，对托斯巴斯套铁铜金矿附近的石榴子石、辉石、绿帘石的化学组分及磁铁矿的主量及微量元素开展研究。结果表明：矽卡岩矿物中石榴子石端员组分以钙铝榴石-钙铁榴石系列为主，辉石端员组分以透辉石为主，绿帘石化学成分富铁富钙，这些特点表明矿区矽卡岩具有钙矽卡岩特征。矽卡岩是由岩浆热液流体交代北塔山组基性火山岩而形成的，磁铁矿的形成与矽卡岩的退化变质作用有关。在石英-硫化物-碳酸盐阶段形成铜和金矿化。Abstract: The Tuosibasitao Fe-Cu-Au mineral deposit mainly occurs in the contact zone between the diorite porphyrite and basaltic volcanic rock of Middle Devonian Beitashan Formation in the forms of massives, heterogeneous gobbets, veinlets, breccia and veinlet-disseminated. The ore bodies in the ore deposit occur as stratoids or lenses, surrounded by skarn. The major and trace elements in magnetite, and chemical components in garnet, chinopyoxene and epidote from Tuosibasitao deposit were studied by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Electron microprobe analyse. The results demonstrate that the end member of garnet is mainly grossularite and andradite. The composition of pyroxene was mainly diopside, with a small amount of augite. The epidote was enriched in Fe and Ca. The composition of these skarn minerals suggest that skarn in Tuosibasitao ore deposit is calcic skarn. In combination with the geological characteristics, it is possible that the skarns are formed by hydrothermal interaction with metamorphic volcanic, and the formation of magnetite is related to the retrogressive metamorphism of the skarn. Copper and gold mineralization occurred during the quartz-sulphide- carbonate period.
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表 1 托斯巴斯套铁铜金矿床石榴子石电子探针分析结果及端员组分
Table 1. Electron microprobe analyses and end members of representative garnet from the Tuosibasitao ore deposit
元素 托斯巴斯套铁铜金矿床附近的矿石堆样品wB/% LSK60-1 LSK75-1 LSK75-2 LSK59-1 LSK59-2 LSK58-1 LSK58-2 LSK58-3 LSK58-4 SiO2 37.84 35.66 35.08 37.3 37.13 38.23 36.72 38.31 36.12 TiO2 0 0.2 0 0 0 0.05 2.23 1.67 3.17 Al2O3 4.34 0.72 0.44 5.87 5.65 14.58 8.83 10.33 8.55 Cr2O3 0.04 0 0.18 0.11 0 0.27 0 0.27 0.02 FeO 25.38 30.04 31.06 24.09 25.31 12.26 18.84 16.16 17.86 MnO 1.22 0.27 0.29 0.88 0.89 1.13 0.62 0.68 0.52 MgO 0.05 0.41 0.56 0 0 0.01 0.36 0.24 0.48 CaO 30.69 32.22 32.56 31.47 30.98 32.8 31.38 32.33 32.04 Si 3.0657 2.9467 2.8975 3.0134 3.0027 2.9974 2.9413 3.0066 2.8968 Ti 0 0.0124 0 0 0 0.0030 0.1344 0.0986 0.1913 Al 0.4144 0.0701 0.0428 0.5589 0.5385 1.3473 0.8336 0.9555 0.8082 Cr 0.0026 0 0.0118 0.0070 0 0.0167 0 0.0168 0.0013 Fe3+ 1.5392 1.9571 2.0138 1.4252 1.4597 0.6358 1.1160 0.9577 1.1319 Fe2+ 0.1804 0.1188 0.1318 0.2024 0.2520 0.1681 0.1461 0.1030 0.0660 Mn 0.0837 0.0189 0.0203 0.0602 0.0610 0.0750 0.0421 0.0452 0.0353 Mg 0.0060 0.0505 0.0690 0 0 0.0012 0.0430 0.0281 0.0574 Ca 2.6641 2.8527 2.8815 2.7240 2.6843 2.7554 2.6932 2.7186 2.7532 Ura 0.13 0 0.57 0.35 0 0.84 0 0.87 0.07 And 78.68 93.81 92.31 71.58 73.05 31.79 57.24 49.62 58.31 Pyr 0.21 1.66 2.22 0 0 0.04 1.47 0.97 1.97 Spe 2.85 0.62 0.65 2.02 2.03 2.50 1.44 1.56 1.21 Gro 11.98 2.73 5.05 19.28 16.51 59.23 34.85 43.42 36.18 Alm 6.15 3.91 4.25 6.78 8.41 5.60 5.00 3.56 2.27 注：Ura—钙铬榴石；And—钙铁榴石；Pyr—镁铝榴石；Spe—锰铝榴石；Gro—钙铝榴石；Alm—铁铝榴石。 
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表 2 托斯巴斯套铁铜金矿床辉石电子探针分析结果、阳离子数及端员组分
Table 2. Electron microprobe analyses, ion proportions and end members of the representative clinopyroxenes from the Tuosibasitao iron deposit
wB/% 元素 托斯巴斯套铁铜金矿附近的矿石堆 钻孔ZK8004 矿石堆
LSK58-3LSK42-1 LSK42-2 LSK42-3 ZK8004-9-1 ZK8004-10-2 SiO2 53.59 53.12 52.4 53.54 48.87 53.65 TiO2 0.08 0.06 0 0.16 1.23 0.15 Al2O3 0.45 0.55 0.73 0.41 4.6 0.37 Cr2O3 0 0 0.09 0.21 0.07 0.13 Fe2O3 0 4.72 1.81 0 0 0 FeO 7.4 7.48 8.59 7.86 17.32 6.19 MnO 0.3 0.51 0.48 0.45 0.99 0.08 MgO 14.37 14.37 13.98 14.8 13.19 15.66 CaO 23.47 23.65 22.37 22.5 10.33 23.46 Na2O 0.27 0.38 0.29 0.39 1.46 0.13 K2O 0 0 0.02 0 0.63 0 Si 1.9926 1.9148 1.9536 1.9854 1.8835 1.9848 Al(Ⅳ) 0.0074 0.0016 0 0.0146 0.1165 0.0152 Al(Ⅵ) 0.0123 0 0 0.0034 0.0925 0.0009 Ti 0.0022 0.0016 0 0.0045 0.0357 0.0042 Cr 0 0 0.0027 0.0062 0.0021 0.0038 Fe3+ 0.0152 0.1280 0.0508 0.0361 0.1345 0.0173 Fe2+ 0.2146 0.2255 0.2678 0.2069 0.4176 0.1740 Mn 0.0095 0.0156 0.0152 0.0141 0.0323 0.0025 Mg 0.7965 0.7722 0.7770 0.8182 0.7578 0.8637 Ca 0.9350 0.9134 0.8936 0.8940 0.4266 0.9299 Na 0.0195 0.0266 0.0210 0.0280 0.1091 0.0093 K 0 0 0.0010 0 0.0310 0 Wo 46.98 43.89 44.12 44.76 22.72 46.57 En 40.02 37.10 38.36 40.96 40.36 43.26 Fs 12.02 17.73 16.48 12.88 31.12 9.70 Ac 0.98 1.28 1.04 1.40 5.81 0.47 注：Wo—硅灰石；En—顽火辉石；Fs—铁辉石；Ac—阳起石。
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表 3 托斯巴斯套铁铜金矿床绿帘石电子探针分析结果
Table 3. Electron microprobe analyses of epidote from the Tuosibasitao iron depositwB/%
元素 托斯巴斯套铁铜金矿附近的矿石堆 钻孔ZK8004 LSK40-2 LSK40-3 LSK40-4 LSK40-5 LSK42-1 LSK42-2 LSK42-3 LSK85-2 ZK8004-10-1 ZK8004-10-2 SiO2 37.22 37.12 37.14 36.85 37.55 35.99 37.39 36.64 37.65 36.24 TiO2 0.21 0.07 0.28 0.17 0 0.14 0.37 0.38 0.09 0.24 Al2O3 21.76 21.81 21.19 21.78 22.31 21.76 20.6 22.61 22.81 19.34 FeOT 14.84 14.93 15.63 15.04 14.39 15.98 15.99 13.97 13.27 19.73 Fe2O3 2.23 2.24 2.34 2.26 2.16 2.4 2.4 2.1 1.99 2.96 MnO 0.09 0.17 0.18 0.46 0.16 0 0.21 0.08 0.45 0.6 MgO 0.08 0.04 0 0.16 0.17 0.1 0.19 0.34 0.48 0.3 CaO 22.28 21.62 21.61 21.76 21.79 21.06 22.19 21.64 21.37 20.23 总计 96.48 95.76 96.02 96.23 96.21 95.02 96.93 95.64 96.13 96.69
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表 4 托斯巴斯套铁铜金矿床磁铁矿电子探针分析结果
Table 4. Electron microprobe analyses of magnetite from the Tuosibasitao iron deposit
元素 托斯巴斯套铁铜金矿床附近的矿石堆wB/% LSK75-4 LSK78-3 LSK79-2 LSK80-2 LSK81-1 LSK82-1 LSK83-1 LSK83-3 LSK85-1 LSK85-3 SiO2 0.61 1.98 0.02 1.19 1.25 0.06 0.44 0.65 1.35 0.95 TiO2 0.02 0.08 0 0.26 0 0 0.23 0 0 0.04 Al2O3 0.26 0.93 0.24 0.41 0.37 0.12 0.46 0 0.24 0.28 FeOT 90.89 89.47 92.92 91.94 91.36 92.57 91.66 93.51 90.36 92.04 MnO 0.43 0.28 0 0 0.34 0.01 0.39 0.29 0.15 0.12 MgO 0.04 0.22 0.07 0.1 0 0 0.08 0.17 0.02 0 CaO 0.05 0.21 0.16 - 0.09 0.1 0 0.34 0.27 0.14 Na2O 0 0 0 0.28 0 0 0 0 0 0 K2O 0 0 0 0.14 0 0 0 0 0 0 总计 92.29 93.16 93.41 94.32 93.41 92.87 93.26 94.96 92.39 93.56
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表 5 托斯巴斯套铁铜金矿床磁铁矿微量及稀土元素组成
Table 5. Trace elements and REEs compositions of magnetite from the Tuosibasitao iron deposit
wB/(μg·g-1) 元素 托斯巴斯套矿附近的矿石堆 钻孔ZK8004
ZK8004-1矿石堆
LSK82LSK100 LSK101 LSK102 La 0.73 0.53 0.27 1.31 1.73 Ce 1.3 0.86 0.57 2.17 3.47 Pr 0.21 0.12 0.1 0.26 0.5 Nd 0.85 0.54 0.52 1.07 2.25 Sm 0.19 0.14 0.23 0.23 0.6 Eu 0.05 0.04 0.14 0.09 0.18 Gd 0.26 0.19 0.42 0.29 0.76 Tb 0.04 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.12 Dy 0.27 0.17 0.44 0.25 0.74 Ho 0.05 0.03 0.09 0.05 0.16 Er 0.15 0.1 0.24 0.15 0.45 Tm 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.06 Yb 0.16 0.09 0.21 0.14 0.39 Lu 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.07 Y 1.43 0.92 2.28 1.43 3.93 ΣREEs 4.31 2.87 3.36 6.09 11.48 LREEs 3.33 2.23 1.83 5.13 8.73 HREEs 0.98 0.64 1.53 0.96 2.75 
3.40 3.48 1.20 5.34 3.17 
3.08 3.98 0.87 6.32 3.00 δEu 0.69 0.75 1.36 1.06 0.81 δCe 0.77 0.77 0.81 0.83 0.87 Sc 6.62 2.31 5.1 2.42 9.76 Rb 4.53 0.59 3.09 0.86 4.7 Sr 28.9 20.9 14.6 32.6 14.2 Ba 8.69 7.44 17.3 3.76 23.5 Cr 613 810 258 891 286 Co 23.9 112 3.62 88.4 26.1 Ni 326 701 8.01 351 412 
13.64 6.26 2.21 3.97 15.79 V 246 162 125 435 119 Cu 166 269 78.6 368 1877 Pb 5.22 3.8 2.58 2.27 6.44 Zn 132 158 38 95.8 113 Hf 0.28 0.13 0.19 0.15 0.37 Ga 5.88 4.76 7.34 6.14 9.57 Ge 2.69 2.99 3.02 2.53 2.45 Nb 1.58 1.17 0.76 1.28 0.86 Ta 0.49 0.49 0.39 0.44 0.09 Th 0.17 0.08 0.15 0.13 0.21 U 0.36 0.24 0.92 0.64 0.53 Cd 0.17 0.06 0.04 0.4 0.22 In 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.07 0.18 Tl 0.14 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 As 14 11.2 8.72 40.1 17.1
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