北祁连玉石沟地区奥陶纪硅质岩特征及大地构造意义

陆静云; 王志励; 杜理科; 张宏远; 徐伟钧; 王远群

北祁连玉石沟地区奥陶纪硅质岩特征及大地构造意义

1.
浙江省水文地质工程地质大队, 浙江宁波 315012

2.
中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083

基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助（53200959380）；中国地质调查局柴达木周缘及邻区成矿带地质矿产调查评价项目（1212011121188）

详细信息

作者简介: 陆静云, 助理工程师, 硕士研究生, 主要从事构造地质学研究、区域地质调查及矿产勘查.E-mail: 13466799422@163.com

中图分类号: P585

收稿日期: 2014-03-03

修回日期: 2014-03-26

录用日期: 2014-04-08

刊出日期: 2014-05-25

The Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of Ordovician Siliceous Rocks in the Yushigou Area, North Qilian

1.
Zhejiang Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Ningbo 315012, China

2.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Received Date: 03 March 2014

Revised Date: 26 March 2014

Accepted Date: 08 April 2014

Publish Date: 25 May 2014

摘要

摘要:
北祁连玉石沟地区位于青藏高原北缘北祁连构造带内，处于阿拉善地块与柴达木地块之间，是古洋盆研究的热点地区。北祁连加里东期的构造背景和构造演化，一直存在裂陷盆地和大洋盆地的不同认识，许多学者对北祁连奥陶纪早期是否形成了成熟的大洋和沟-孤-盆体系，还是继续裂谷的演化历史具有不同看法。本文以北祁连玉石沟地区采集到的硅质岩样品为研究对象，用X射线荧光光谱仪测试主量元素，用X Serise2电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测试微量及稀土元素。研究结果表明，玉石沟两处共11件硅质岩样品Al/（Al+Fe+Mn）平均比值分别为0.56、0.60，Al/（Al+Fe）平均比值分别为0.57、0.61，（La/Yb）_SN平均值分别为0.89、1.2，δCe_SN平均值分别为0.88、0.93，δEu_SN平均值分别为1.15、1.08，球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线表现为明显右倾的LREEs相对富集配分模式。这些比值特征反映了与玉石沟俯冲杂岩共生的硅质岩成因的构造背景是部分靠近、部分远离陆源的大陆边缘或者其周围的深海盆地，为多岛洋的构造背景。
- 北祁连 /
- 阴沟群 /
- 硅质岩 /
- 构造背景 /
- 地球化学
Abstract:
The Yushigou area in North Qilian, which is a research hotspot of thr paleo-oceanic basin, is located at the tectonic zone between the Alashane block and the Qaidam block at the north margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The tectonic setting and the tectonic evolution of early Caledon at North Qilian is controversial, between rifted basin and oceanic basin. Some scholars believe that the north Qilian formed the matured ocean and the trench-arc-basin system in the early Ordovician period, while others insist that it just continued its rift valley evolution. In this study, the Axiosmax X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer was used to measure the content of major elements and the X-Series 2 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry to measure the content of the trace elements and REE of the siliceous rocks collected from North Qilian. The results show that the mean ratio of Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) is 0.56 and 0.60, Al/(Al+Fe) is 0.57 and 0.61, (La/Yb)_SN is 0.89 and 1.2, δCe_SN is 0.88 and 0.93 and δEu_SN is 1.15 and 1.08, for samples collected from two sites at Yushigou, respectively. Chondritic Standardized REEs distribution plot is a LREEs enrichment pattern which shows an outstanding rightward decreasing tendency. This evidence indicates that the tectonic settings of the siliceous rocks associated with subduction complex in Yushigou have a tectonic background of archipelagic ocean, of which some parts are close or far from the continental margin or the surrounding sea basin.
- North Qilian /
- Yingou Group /
- siliceous rocks /
- tectonic background /
- geochemistry

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图 1 研究区大地构造简图(据Smith等^[8]修改)

Figure 1.

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图 2 研究区地质简图(局部)及采样点(据托莱牧场幅1:25万区域地质调查图 2009修改)

Figure 2.

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图 3 硅质岩的野外宏观照片和显微镜下微观照片

Figure 3.

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图 4 玉石沟奥陶纪硅质岩形成环境判别图

Figure 4.

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图 5 玉石沟地区奥陶纪硅质岩形成环境判别图

Figure 5.

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表 1 玉石沟奥陶纪硅质岩主量元素含量

Table 1. Major elements content of Ordovician siliceous rocks from Yushigou

样品编号	含量(%)														含量总和(%)
样品编号	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	TiO₂	Fe₂O₃	FeO	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	MnO	P₂O₅	H₂O⁺	H₂O^-	LOI	含量总和(%)
YSG-1	82.79	6.71	0.22	0.54	3.50	0.30	1.65	0.84	0.48	0.19	0.06	2.27	0.20	2.51	99.78
YSG-2	84.15	6.72	0.21	1.18	2.28	0.13	1.33	0.91	0.75	0.13	0.03	1.86	0.16	2.12	99.93
YSG-3	80.30	9.13	0.36	0.63	2.66	0.12	1.43	1.79	0.53	0.08	0.06	2.51	0.41	2.77	99.86
YSG-4	76.53	9.66	0.40	0.90	3.33	0.60	2.04	1.53	1.43	0.22	0.11	2.65	0.43	3.03	99.78
YSG-5	73.99	10.56	0.46	1.24	3.18	0.98	2.23	1.78	1.38	0.29	0.12	2.96	0.54	3.58	99.78
YSG-6	70.52	13.26	0.61	1.00	3.62	0.44	2.25	2.47	1.68	0.15	0.17	3.25	0.70	3.57	99.73
YSG-7	80.55	9.12	0.40	0.47	1.96	0.48	1.20	1.84	1.32	0.10	0.12	1.93	0.49	2.13	99.68
YSGXG-1	79.91	5.36	0.24	0.90	2.61	2.21	1.90	0.61	0.07	0.11	0.15	2.39	0.28	5.46	99.53
YSGXG-2	77.52	6.58	0.35	1.05	2.83	2.19	1.67	0.79	0.07	0.11	0.16	3.17	0.36	6.49	99.82
YSGXG-3	72.13	9.41	0.48	0.30	3.47	2.00	2.05	1.55	0.08	0.19	0.10	3.09	0.38	7.93	99.69
YSGXG-4	81.93	7.82	0.29	3.27	0.81	0.11	0.35	1.65	0.09	0.06	0.08	2.79	0.46	3.34	99.80

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表 2 玉石沟奥陶纪硅质岩微量元素和稀土元素含量

Table 2. Trace elements and rare earth elements content of Ordovician siliceous rocks from Yushigou

样品编号	含量(μg/g)
样品编号	Sc	Cr	Co	Rb	Sr	Zr	Cs	Hf	Th	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	Y
YSG-1	11.1	78.1	11.6	30.2	22.6	41.3	2.0	1.6	5.6	9.1	16.7	2.2	7.6	1.5	0.3	1.3	0.2	1.4	0.3	0.9	0.2	1.2	0.2	8.7
YSG-2	5.5	41.5	6.3	15.5	10.9	40.2	1.2	1.5	2.6	8.3	13.7	1.6	4.9	0.8	0.2	0.7	0.1	0.8	0.2	0.6	0.1	0.9	0.2	5.1
YSG-3	15.0	120.4	20.4	64.9	19.1	72.1	4.3	2.7	10.0	17.3	33.0	4.3	14.3	2.7	0.5	2.2	0.4	2.3	0.5	1.4	0.3	1.8	0.3	13.4
YSG-4	13.9	82.2	16.3	60.7	65.7	147.0	5.3	4.9	16.8	31.0	60.5	7.4	23.8	4.2	0.9	3.4	0.6	2.9	0.6	1.7	0.3	1.9	0.4	16.3
YSG-5	15.1	90.4	17.1	71.6	71.6	167.6	6.8	5.7	19.7	37.9	76.8	9.4	30.6	5.5	1.1	4.4	0.7	3.9	0.8	2.2	0.4	2.5	0.5	20.9
YSG-6	19.2	110.1	18.6	95.9	71.2	220.1	7.9	7.4	24.1	45.1	94.0	11.6	37.9	6.6	1.4	5.1	0.8	4.3	0.9	2.6	0.5	2.9	0.6	23.5
YSG-7	13.9	81.9	16.9	71.0	60.4	128.0	4.9	4.2	15.2	31.4	62.6	7.7	24.9	4.5	1.0	3.5	0.6	3.1	0.6	1.7	0.3	2.0	0.4	16.8
YSGXG-1	9.3	40.1	7.8	18.1	52.1	52.3	1.8	1.6	1.9	11.6	19.2	2.5	9.4	1.8	0.5	1.7	0.3	1.9	0.4	1.1	0.2	1.2	0.2	12.9
YSGXG-2	11.7	61.4	8.9	23.9	49.8	72.4	2.4	2.3	3.4	15.2	25.1	3.2	11.7	2.3	0.5	2.2	0.4	2.2	0.4	1.2	0.2	1.5	0.2	14.6
YSGXG-3	15.2	64.9	14.4	44.6	96.3	83.3	2.8	2.7	5.8	17.6	32.8	4.1	15.5	3.0	0.6	2.8	0.5	2.8	0.6	1.6	0.3	2.0	0.3	17.0
YSGXG-4	12.2	115.7	4.6	50.5	28.9	74.8	2.9	2.4	6.0	13.3	21.4	2.4	8.2	1.2	0.3	1.2	0.2	1.4	0.3	1.0	0.2	1.5	0.2	9.3

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表 3 玉石沟奥陶纪硅质岩不同构造环境特征比值及部分微量元素比值特征

Table 3. Different tectonic settings and ratios of rare earth elements of Ordovician cherts from Yushigou

样品编号	Al/(Al+Fe)	Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)	ΣREEs	LREEs/HREEs	(La/Yb)_SN	(La/Yb)_CN	δEu_SN	δEu_CN	δCe_SN	δCe_CN	Eu_SN	Eu_CN	Ce_SN	Ce_CN
YSGXG-1	0.52	0.51	51.95	6.42	0.88	6.31	1.37	0.88	0.85	0.81	0.44	7.09	0.29	23.75
YSGXG-2	0.54	0.54	66.35	6.96	0.98	6.99	1.15	0.74	0.85	0.81	0.46	7.4	0.38	31.04
YSGXG-3	0.63	0.62	84.38	6.79	0.85	6.09	1.04	0.67	0.92	0.89	0.54	8.71	0.49	40.65
YSGXG-4	0.59	0.58	52.92	7.85	0.84	6	1.02	0.65	0.88	0.83	0.22	3.61	0.32	26.51
平均值	0.57	0.56	-	-	0.89	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
YSG-1	0.53	0.52	43.04	6.61	0.71	5.11	1.05	0.66	0.88	0.85	0.26	4.14	0.25	20.65
YSG-2	0.58	0.57	33.12	8.15	0.83	5.97	1.12	0.71	0.88	0.83	0.15	2.37	0.21	16.96
YSG-3	0.66	0.65	81.23	7.92	0.92	6.57	0.98	0.62	0.91	0.88	0.43	6.94	0.50	40.84
YSG-4	0.61	0.6	139.54	10.9	1.55	11.1	1.11	0.7	0.95	0.91	0.76	12.18	0.91	74.88
YSG-5	0.63	0.61	176.82	10.47	1.43	10.25	1.08	0.68	0.96	0.93	0.96	15.39	1.15	95.03
YSG-6	0.67	0.66	214.08	11.14	1.45	10.42	1.11	0.7	0.98	0.95	1.17	18.75	1.41	116.31
YSG-7	0.72	0.71	144.31	10.82	1.5	10.77	1.11	0.7	0.96	0.92	0.8	12.91	0.94	77.49
平均值	0.61	0.60	-	-	1.20	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
洋中脊	0.12±	-	-	-	3~4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
远洋盆地	0.32±	-	-	-	1~2.5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
大陆边缘	0.60±	-	-	-	0.5~1.5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

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北祁连玉石沟地区奥陶纪硅质岩特征及大地构造意义

1. 浙江省水文地质工程地质大队, 浙江宁波 315012 2. 中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083

作者简介: 陆静云, 助理工程师, 硕士研究生, 主要从事构造地质学研究、区域地质调查及矿产勘查.E-mail: 13466799422@163.com

The Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of Ordovician Siliceous Rocks in the Yushigou Area, North Qilian

1. Zhejiang Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Ningbo 315012, China 2. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

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目录

1.
浙江省水文地质工程地质大队, 浙江宁波 315012

2.
中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083

1.
Zhejiang Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Ningbo 315012, China

2.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China