Renewability of groundwater in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province: Based on isotopic technology
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摘要:
研究目的 常州市是长三角地区典型的工业化城市，区域地下水经历了超采−禁采的周期性历史过程，地下水动力场发生了较大程度变化，地下水的可更新能力亟待深入研究。
研究方法 在地下水赋存条件分析的基础上，采用同位素技术，系统分析了常州市地下水的补径排条件和地下水年龄特征，评价了地下水可更新能力。
研究结果 区域浅层地下水的18O和D较深层地下水更为富集，在一定程度上受到蒸发作用影响，深层地下水补给时间较早，赋存环境相对封闭。浅层地下水基本受到了现代水入渗补给的影响，现代水积极循环带的深度达到了40 m；深层地下水年龄小于2000~25000年，以古水为主。
结论 区内浅层地下水每年更新速率普遍大于0.1%，地下水的更新受赋存条件、地表水补给、人类活动等因素控制，地下水更新能力在中等及以上；深层地下水每年更新速率普遍小于0.05%，地下水的更新受古河道展布、人类开采利用等因素控制，地下水更新能力处于较弱和弱的级别。研究成果可为常州市及长江三角洲其他地区地下水资源的保护和利用提供科学依据。
Abstract:This paper is the result of hydrogeological survey engineering.
Objective Changzhou is a typical industrialized city in the Yangtze River Delta. The regional groundwater there had experienced a periodic historical process of overdrafts and prohibitions of mining, resulting in a greatly change in the groundwater dynamic field. Thus, it is necessary to conduct a further study on the renewable capacity of the groundwater of Changzhou.
Methods Based on the analysis of the existing hydrogeology conditions, the recharge, runoff and discharge conditions of groundwater and the characteristics of groundwater ages are systematically analyzed to evaluate the renewable capacity of groundwater using isotope technology.
Results 18O and D of the shallow groundwater are more abundant than the deep groundwater due to the evaporation to a certain extent. The recharge time of the deep groundwater with relatively closed storage environment is earlier than that in the shallow groundwater. The shallow groundwater, basically affected by infiltration recharge of modern water, has an active circulation zone of modern water reached to a depth of 40 m. As for the ages of the deep groundwater, it varies from less than 2000 to 25000 years, indicating that it is mainly composed of ancient water.
Conclusions The renewal rate of the shallow groundwater of every year is generally higher than 0.1%, and controlled by the storage conditions, surface water recharge and human activities, etc. Weakly, the renewal rate of the deep groundwater of every year is generally less than 0.05%, and controlled by the distribution of river ancient channel, exploitation and utilization of human beings, etc. These results can provide scientific basis for protection and utilization the groundwater in changzhou and other areas in the yangtze river delta.
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Key words:
- groundwater /
- isotope /
- groundwater age /
- renewability /
- over-mining /
- no-mining /
- hydrogeological survey engineering /
- Changzhou /
- Jiangsu Province
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表 1 同位素取样点测试结果
Table 1. Isotope test results of sampling points
样点编号 δ18O/‰ δD/‰ 3H/TU 14C/pmC 样点类型 样点编号 δ18O/‰ δD/‰ 3H/TU 14C/pmC 样点类型 01 −7.0 −42 / / 浅层地下水 39 −7.5 −56 / / 浅层地下水 02 −6.2 −37 / / 浅层地下水 40 −7.7 −52 / / 浅层地下水 03 −6.5 −44 / / 浅层地下水 41 −6.3 −43 2.6 / 浅层地下水 04 −6.6 −41 / / 浅层地下水 42 −8.4 −58 3.6 / 浅层地下水 05 −5.7 −38 / / 浅层地下水 43 −8.4 −56 2.7 / 浅层地下水 06 −5.7 −40 / / 浅层地下水 44 −7.2 −50 2.9 / 浅层地下水 07 −5.5 −41 / / 浅层地下水 45 −7.1 −48 2.6 / 浅层地下水 08 −5.9 −42 / / 浅层地下水 46 −5.2 −36 0.9 / 浅层地下水 09 −6.1 −42 / / 浅层地下水 47 −5.3 −38 2.4 / 浅层地下水 10 −7.0 −46 / / 浅层地下水 48 −6.0 −44 1.5 / 浅层地下水 11 −6.8 −47 / / 浅层地下水 49 −6.8 −44 3.4 / 浅层地下水 12 −6.8 −47 / / 浅层地下水 50 −6.7 −41 0.9 / 浅层地下水 13 −7.0 −46 / / 浅层地下水 51 −6.6 −44 1.3 / 浅层地下水 14 −8.4 −56 / / 浅层地下水 52 −7.7 −51 3.2 / 浅层地下水 15 −7.0 −51 / / 浅层地下水 53 / / 3.0 / 浅层地下水 16 −4.9 −37 / / 浅层地下水 54 −7.4 −52 / / 深层地下水 17 −6.0 −43 0.8 / 浅层地下水 55 −6.6 −46 / / 深层地下水 18 −6.8 −44 1.3 / 浅层地下水 56 −7.5 −52 / / 深层地下水 19 −5.2 −38 3.2 / 浅层地下水 57 −6.2 −40 / / 深层地下水 20 −4.1 −33 3.0 / 浅层地下水 58 −7.6 −53 / / 深层地下水 21 −5.8 −40 3.2 / 浅层地下水 59 −6.8 −47 / / 深层地下水 22 −6.2 −41 3.6 / 浅层地下水 60 −7.4 −49 / / 深层地下水 23 −7.7 −53 3.3 / 浅层地下水 61 −7.2 −50 / 19.1 深层地下水 24 −7.8 −53 4.0 / 浅层地下水 62 −6.6 −48 / 6.7 深层地下水 25 −7.5 −49 3.0 / 浅层地下水 63 −8.1 −56 / 50.0 深层地下水 26 −6.3 −43 2.3 / 浅层地下水 64 −7.4 −51 / 4.4 深层地下水 27 −7.5 −48 3.1 / 浅层地下水 65 −7.8 −53 / 18.9 深层地下水 28 −7.5 −47 1.1 / 浅层地下水 66 −8.0 −54 ND 2.9 深层地下水 29 −7.1 −46 / / 浅层地下水 67 −6.2 −42 ND 54.9 深层地下水 30 −8.5 −56 / / 浅层地下水 68 −8.0 −56 / 41.4 深层地下水 31 −5.8 −43 / / 浅层地下水 69 −6.8 −50 / 5.3 深层地下水 32 −5.7 −40 / / 浅层地下水 70 −7.1 −48 / 63.0 深层地下水 33 −5.2 −35 / / 浅层地下水 71 −8.3 −55 / 31.2 深层地下水 34 −4.7 −33 / / 浅层地下水 72 / / / 14.8 深层地下水 35 −6.7 −47 / / 浅层地下水 73 −7.6 −53 / 3.7 深层地下水 36 −5.9 −40 / / 浅层地下水 74 −9.8 −70 / / 地表水 37 −7.0 −47 / / 浅层地下水 75 −9.8 −70 / / 地表水 38 −5.7 −39 / / 浅层地下水 76 −5.0 −26 / / 大气降水 注：*δD值测试误差为±0.5‰，δ18O值测试误差为±0.1‰；3H测试误差为0.1TU；14C测试误差为±0.001~0.004Fraction Modern；ND表示低于检出限。 
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表 2 深层地下水年龄计算结果
Table 2. Calculation results of deep groundwater ages
样点编号 计算年龄/a BP 地下水年龄
/a BP视年龄 Vogel(STKT) Tamers(ALK) Pearson(δ13C) 61 13686 12342 7956 5773 6865 62 22346 21003 16616 19495 18056 63 5550 4207 <2000 <2000 <2000 64 25823 24479 20092 20353 20222 65 13773 12429 8043 10591 9317 66 29269 27925 23539 22631 23085 67 4957 3614 <2000 4545 <2000 68 7291 5947 <2000 4912 3236 69 24284 22940 18554 19372 18963 70 3820 2476 <2000 <2000 <2000 71 9629 8285 3899 2613 3256 72 15794 14451 10064 12528 11296 73 22346 21003 16616 18275 17445
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表 3 地下水每年更新速率计算结果
Table 3. Calculation results of groundwater renewal rates of every year
样点编号 含水层位 更新速率/% 样点编号 含水层位 更新速率/% 样点编号 含水层位 更新速率/% 17 浅层 0.2322 41 浅层 1.0755 61 深层 0.0027 18 浅层 0.4307 42 浅层 2.0572 62 深层 0.0008 19 浅层 1.5752 43 浅层 1.1608 63 深层 0.0122 20 浅层 1.3653 44 浅层 1.2413 64 深层 0.0005 21 浅层 1.5752 45 浅层 1.0755 65 深层 0.0025 22 浅层 2.0572 46 浅层 0.2781 66 深层 0.0002 23 浅层 1.6522 47 浅层 0.9323 67 深层 0.0139 24 浅层 2.9913 48 浅层 0.5064 68 深层 0.0082 25 浅层 1.4048 49 浅层 1.7167 69 深层 0.0006 26 浅层 0.8887 50 浅层 0.2322 70 深层 0.0200 27 浅层 1.3186 51 浅层 0.4307 71 深层 0.0054 28 浅层 0.3527 52 浅层 1.5752 72 深层 0.0018 53 浅层 1.3653 73 深层 0.0004
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表 4 地下水更新速率与可更新能力对应关系
Table 4. Correlation between the groundwater renewal rates and the renewable capacity
地下水每年更新速率（R） 地下水可更新能力 <0.01% 弱 0.01% ~0.1% 较弱 0.1% ~1% 中 1% ~10% 较强 ≥10% 强
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