Development characteristics of Lower Carboniferous Jiusi Formation dark shale in well GWD–2 and its constraint to hydrocarbon generation center in the northwest of Yadu–Ziyun–Luodian aulacogen, the upper Yangtze Platform
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摘要:
研究目的 上扬子垭紫罗裂陷槽内广泛分布下石炭统旧司组暗色泥页岩，其厚度变化大，该裂陷槽北西段旧司组暗色泥页岩发育特征和生烃中心展布并不清楚。
研究方法 通过对GWD2井旧司组的测录井以及岩心观察、岩石薄片鉴定、干酪根类型显微鉴定、有机碳含量、镜质体反射率测定等资料的综合分析，对旧司组的地层–沉积相、暗色泥页岩分布和有机地化特征进行了详细研究。
研究结果 （1）该井下石炭统旧司组地层厚度大，钻厚1148.67 m，按照岩石组合特征可细分为两段以及五亚段；（2）泥页岩主要分布在旧一段，以三角洲–浅水陆棚相沉积为主，泥页岩累积厚度525 m，TOC≥1%泥页岩累积厚度大，可达425 m；（3）该井旧司组暗色泥页岩TOC值集中在1%~2%区间内，有机质类型为Ⅱ2型和Ⅲ型干酪根，有机质处于过成熟早期阶段；（4）旧司组沉降中心呈NW–SE向长条状展布，生烃中心与沉降中心分布一致，TOC≥1%的泥质岩烃源岩厚度可达300 m以上，生烃中心具有泥质烃源岩厚度巨大、有机质类型较好、热演化程度较高的生烃条件。
结论 垭紫罗裂陷槽北西段生烃中心下石炭统旧司组泥页岩的生烃强度和总生烃量相当可观，且具有较好的天然气勘探潜力。
Abstract:This paper is the result of oil and gas exploration engineering.
Objective Dark shales in Lower Carboniferous upper are widely distributed in the Yadu–Ziyun–Luodian aulacogen, the upper Yangtze Platform, and its thickness varies greatly. In particular, the development characteristics and hydrocarbon generation center distribution of the dark shale of Jiusi Formation in the northwest section of the rift aulacogen are not clear.
Methods The strata, sedimentary facies, dark shale distribution and organic geochemical characteristics of Jiusi dark shale in well GWD–2 are studied in detail by the logging, core observation, rock thin−section identification, kerogen type microscopic identification, TOC, vitrinite reflectance measurement and other experimental test data. And the following research results were obtained.
Results (1) The drilling thickness of Jiusi Formation in the well GWD–2 is 1148.67 m, according to the characteristics of rock combinations, the Lower Carboniferous Jiusi Formation can be divided into two members and five sub−members. (2) The dark shales are mainly distributed in the first member of Jiusi Formation, which are mainly composed of tidal flat by delta and shallow shelf facies deposits, the cumulative thickness of shale is 525 m, the cumulative thickness of shale with TOC value greater than 1% is 425 m. (3) The TOC value of Jiusi shale of the well is concentrated in the range of 1%−2%, the type of organic matter is mainly type II2 kerogen and III kerogen, the organic matters are in the early stage of over maturity. (4) It is predicted that the subsidence center of Jiusi Formation is distributed in a long strip with NW–SE direction, and the distribution of hydrocarbon generation center is consistent with the subsidence center. The thickness of argillaceous source rock with TOC value greater than 1% can reach more than 300 m. The hydrocarbon generation center has the hydrocarbon generation conditions of argillaceous source rock with huge thickness, good organic matter type and high degree of thermal evolution.
Conclusions It is concluded that the shale of Lower Carboniferous Jiusi Formation in the hydrocarbon generation center of the northwest section of Yadu–Ziyun–Luodian aulacogen has considerable hydrocarbon generation intensity and total hydrocarbon generation, and has good natural gas exploration potential.
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图 1 上扬子垭紫罗裂陷槽北西段地质简图及贵州威宁六硐桥剖面下石炭统地层柱状图（a据王尚彦等, 2006和韩伟, 2010；b、c据贵州省地质局, 1973
1 修改）Figure 1.
图 6 上扬子垭紫罗裂陷槽北西段下石炭统旧司组沉积相平面展布图（据田硕夫和杨瑞东, 2016; 卢树藩等, 2021; Yuan et al., 2022修改）
Figure 6.
图 7 垭紫罗裂陷槽北西段生烃中心旧司组泥页岩横向对比图（井位见图1，黔水地1井资料据陈相霖等, 2021，黔水地1井地层划分方案为笔者修改）
Figure 7.
表 1 GWD2井下石炭统旧司组暗色页岩和煤岩岩心TOC、Ro和岩石热解参数统计
Table 1. Statistics of TOC, Ro and rock pyrolysis of Lower Carboniferous Jiusi Formation dark shale and coal in the well GWD–2
深度/m 岩性 TOC/
%Ro/
%S1/
(mg/g)S2/
(mg/g)Tmax/
℃(S1+S2)/
TOC1388.40 页岩 1.29 2.31 0.05 0.11 559 12.5 1462.10 页岩 2.66 2.46 0.01 0.23 558 9.0 1463.30 页岩 4.53 2.42 0.02 0.39 554 9.0 1463.39 煤岩 18.02 2.48 0.06 1.58 553 9.1 1465.30 页岩 1.33 2.44 0.01 0.12 552 9.8 1466.45 页岩 1.58 2.47 0.02 0.13 554 9.5 1467.20 页岩 0.97 2.34 0.01 0.09 554 10.3 1468.00 页岩 1.60 2.38 0.01 0.13 554 8.8 1468.75 页岩 1.74 2.49 0.02 0.15 554 9.8 1469.30 页岩 1.52 2.54 0.02 0.13 554 9.9 
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表 2 垭紫罗裂陷槽北西段下石炭统旧司组地层厚度和暗色泥页岩厚度统计
Table 2. Statistics of stratum thickness, shale thickness and argillaceous source rock of the Lower Carboniferous Jiusi Formation in the NW section of Yadu–Ziyun–Luodian aulacogen
钻井/剖面名称 地层厚度/m 泥页岩厚度/m 泥质烃源岩厚度/m
（TOC≥1%）备注及数据来源 贵威1井 >885 >487 >205 未见底，笔者实测 黔水地1井 1003 418 279 陈相霖等, 2021 威页1井 323 180 122 秦琴等, 2016 ZK2井 >900 >450 >190 未见底，笔者修测 YS302井 377 梅珏等, 2021 六硐桥—清水塘 992 470 >200 实测 红路脚 111 45 30 笔者修测 马家垭 197 70 39 笔者实测 木拉箐 670 260 190 笔者实测 梅花村 >301 >85 >10 未见底，笔者实测 大海子 558 185 143 笔者实测 珠市河 >180 >80 >25 未见底，笔者修测 恒底 104 45 24 笔者实测 大水井 17 9 5 笔者实测 发达—稚街 450 200 115 笔者修测 张口硐—瓦房村 81 30 17 笔者修测 海改地 325 130 威宁幅区调报告 1 白岩庆 673 404 威宁幅区调报告 1 萝卜夹 236 110 威宁幅区调报告 1
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表 3 上古生界泥质烃源岩生烃潜力评价等级划分标准（据梁狄刚等, 2008；陈建平等, 2012）
Table 3. Evaluation criteria of the generation potential in the Upper Paleozoic argillaceous source rock (after Liang Digang et al., 2008; Chen Jianping et al., 2012)
评价岩类 有机碳含量（TOC/%）分级 非 差 中等 好 很好 极好 Ⅱ型泥质烃源岩 ＜0.5 0.5~1.0 1.0~2.0 2.0~3.0 3.0~5.0 ＞5.0 Ⅲ型泥质烃源岩 ＜0.5 0.5~1.0 1.0~2.5 2.5~4.0 4.0~7.0 ＞7.0
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