Late Triassic paleogeographic inversion and its control on source rocks in the Qiangtang Basin
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摘要:
研究目的 本文揭示羌塘盆地晚三叠世—早侏罗世差异构造演化及其对烃源岩发育特征、空间展布的控制作用。
研究方法 通过沉积相分析以及岩相古地理恢复方法讨论了羌塘盆地晚三叠世构造转换的沉积记录；通过油气地球化学研究，揭示羌塘盆地晚三叠世—早侏罗世烃源岩的分布规律。
研究结果 晚三叠世，羌塘盆地发生了明显的沉积转换，表现为中三叠世—晚三叠世的海退序列转换为早侏罗世的海侵序列。与此同时，该时期羌塘盆地也发生了重要的古地理反转，表现为北羌塘由中三叠世的海相沉积逐渐转化为晚三叠世的陆相沉积，而南羌塘则由中三叠世的陆相沉积转化为晚三叠世的海相沉积。
结论 羌塘盆地晚三叠世的沉积转换和古地理反转控制了烃源岩的分布，晚三叠烃源岩主要受前陆盆地控制，发育于北羌塘的深水区，盆地周缘则发育含煤系烃源岩。早侏罗世烃源岩主要受被动大陆边缘盆地控制，发育于南羌塘的深水区，在南羌塘北部的潟湖环境发育含油页岩烃源岩。
Abstract:This paper is the result of petroleum geological survey engineering.
Objective This study elucidates the differential tectonic evolution of the Qiangtang Basin during the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic and its controlling effects on the development characteristics and spatial distribution of source rocks.
Methods This study discusses the sedimentary record of the Late Triassic tectonic transition in the Qiangtang Basin through sedimentary facies analysis and lithofacies palaeogeography reconstruction. Petroleum geochemical studies were also employed to reveal the distribution patterns of Late Triassic to Early Jurassic source rocks in the Qiangtang Basin.
Results Middle Triassic sequence exhibit shallowing-upward trends, reflecting marine regression linked to regional uplift. In contrast, Early Jurassic sequences display deepening-upward patterns driven by tectonic subsidence and transgression. We further identify a Late Triassic paleogeographic inversion event. In the northern Qiangtang Depression, marine depositional environments of the Middle Triassic transitioned into terrestrial settings during the Late Triassic. Conversely, the sourthern Qiangtang Depression shifted from Middle Triassic terrestrial domains to Late Triassic marine units.
Conclusions Our study suggests that the distribution of source rocks in the Qiangtang Basin was primarily controlled by the sedimentary change and paleogeographic inversion during the Late Triassic. Late Triassic units, likely associated with foreland basin development, formed in deep-water setting settings of the northern depression alongside coal-bearing units encircling basin margins. Meanwhile, Early Jurassic source rocks, tied to passive continental margin processes, accumulated in deep-water zones of the southern depression, including oil shale units concentrated in lagoon environments along the northern flank of the Southern Qiangtang Depression.
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图 1 羌塘盆地区域构造格架图（据王剑和付修根, 2018修改）
Figure 1.
图 2 羌塘盆地中三叠统—中侏罗统地层（据Wang et al., 2022修改）
Figure 2.
图 9 羌塘盆地中三叠世—早侏罗世古地理演化（Wang et al., 2022修改）
Figure 9.
表 1 羌塘盆地上三叠统烃源岩数据统计
Table 1. Statistics of the Upper Triassic source rocks in the Qiangtang Basin
上三叠统烃源岩 剖面 岩性 厚度/m TOC/% S1+S2/(mg/g) 氯仿沥青“A”/% 有机质类型 Ro/% 藏夏河组 藏夏河 泥页岩 >304.92 0.42~1.85
0.70(8)0.04~0.20
0.088(8)0.0091~0.0023
0.0152(5)Ⅱ2~Ⅲ 2.95~3.27
3.1(7)多色梁子 泥岩 >116.14 1.52~2.43
1.84(4)0.38~0.76
0.50(4)0.0106~0.0109
0.0107(2)Ⅱ1 1.29~1.51
1.48(2)土门格拉组 沃若山 泥岩 562.69 0.64~3.29
1.61(9)0~0.06
0.023(9)0.0006-0.0015
0.0009(9)Ⅱ2~Ⅲ 1.40~1.79
1.60(9)扎那陇巴 泥岩 >227 0.40~1.57
0.84(8)0.02~0.82
0.26(8)0.0043~0.0117
0.0066（6）Ⅲ 1.08~1.52
1.38(8)明镜湖 泥岩 645.8 0.64~1.0
0.81(23)0.04~0.21
0.11(23)Ⅱ1~Ⅱ2 2.60~3.56
2.98(12)肖茶卡 泥岩 280.68 0.78~0.83
0.80(4)0.027~0.04
0.031(4)0.0005(1) Ⅱ2 1.24~1.70
1.55(3)羌资-6井 泥岩 318 0.33~3.33
0.94(11)0.003~0.01
0.005(11)0.45~2.80
0.89（11）Ⅱ2~Ⅲ 1.38 羌资-13井 泥岩 128.6 0.21~2.04
0.78(14)Ⅱ2~Ⅲ 2.20~2.49
2.24(4)羌资-15井 泥岩 84 0.56~0.85
0.68(17)Ⅱ2~Ⅲ 2.01~2.24
2.15(5)巴贡组 羌资-7井 泥岩 241.18 0.38~3.56
1.06(22)Ⅱ2~Ⅲ 1.46~1.90
1.62(14)羌资-8井 泥岩 166.44 0.32~3.37
1.10(27)Ⅱ2~Ⅲ 羌资-16井 泥岩 162 0.40~1.09
0.68(16)Ⅱ2 2.44~2.77
2.62(8)雀莫错 泥岩 594 0.53~1.66
1.03(11)Ⅱ2 1.30~1.46
1.40(11)注：表中分式含义：分子为最小值~最大值；分母为平均值（样品数）。 
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表 2 羌塘盆地下侏罗曲色组烃源岩数据统计
Table 2. Statistics of source rocks of the Lower Jurassic Quse Formation in the Qiangtang Basin
剖面 岩性 厚度/m TOC/% S1+S2/(mg/g) 氯仿沥青“A”/% 有机质类型 Ro/% 毕洛错 油页岩、泥岩 172 0.52~21.49
4.10(64)1.,79~91.45
29.93(8)0.0608~1.8707
0.6614(8)Ⅱ1~Ⅱ2 0.40~1.30 木苟日王 页岩 549 0.40~0.88
0.59(10)0.04~0.14
0.08(10)Ⅱ1~Ⅱ2 2.0 嘎尔傲包 泥岩 34.38 0.50~0.57
0.54 (6)0.06~0.20
0.13(6)0.0037~0.0052
0.0044(6)Ⅱ2 1.70 松可尔 泥（页）岩 625.28 0.41~0.66
0.47(24)0.02~0.07
0.04(15)0.0059~0.0116
0.0014(15)Ⅱ2 1.78~2.15 注：表中分式含义见表1。
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