Zoning management of karst landscape resources in Guilin based on ecosystem sensitivity and service function
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摘要:
研究目的 桂林是全球喀斯特地貌的典型代表，也是中国重要的生态脆弱区，近年来因人类活动导致的喀斯特景观资源退化严重，开展桂林喀斯特景观资源评价与治理研究，对于实现区域生态保护修复和社会经济高质量发展具有重要意义。
研究方法 以桂林国家可持续发展议程创新示范区为研究区，选取水土流失、石漠化、土地利用、岩性进行生态敏感性评价；选取水源涵养、土壤保持、生物多样性、地貌景观进行生态系统服务功能评价。
研究结果 研究区水土流失和石漠化敏感性以轻度和一般敏感性为主，占区域喀斯特总面积的67.04%~76.24%，土地利用和岩性敏感性以高度和极敏感占主导，占比52.12%~62.21%；水源涵养和土壤保持功能重要性表现为一般重要，占比36.23%~51.87%，生物多样性维护和地貌景观表现为高度重要，占比37.99%~44.26%。基于生态系统敏感性与服务功能综合计算的景观保护重要性显示为中等以上等级，其面积占区域喀斯特总面积的83.57%。
结论 依据景观保护重要性评价结果，将研究区划分为农林景观功能提升区、湿地与水景观修复区、矿山景观修复区、地质景观修复区和石漠化景观修复区等，提出了景观恢复与水资源调控、喀斯特地质景观保护与生态循环产业协同发展等治理模式，研究为桂林市喀斯特景观资源可持续利用、生态环境保护和综合规划提供科学依据。
Abstract:This paper is the result of environmental geological survey engineering.
Objective Guilin is a typical and representative karst landform and an important ecological fragile area in China. In recent years, the degradation of karst landscape resources caused by human activities has become severe. Research on the evaluation and management Guilin’s karst landscape resources is of great significance for achieving regional ecological protection, restoration, and high−quality socio−economic development.
Methods Taking the national innovation demonstration zone for sustainable development goals of Guilin as the research area, ecosystem sensitivity was evaluated based on factors such as soil erosion, rocky desertification, land use, and lithology, while ecosystem service functions were assessed suing indicators like water conservation, soil conservation, biodiversity, and landform landscape.
Results In the study area, the sensitivity of soil erosion and rocky desertification was mainly mild or general, accounting for 67.04%−76.24% of the total karst area.Land use and lithology were predominantly categorized as highly or extremely sensitive, accounting for 52.12%−62.21%. The functional importance of water conservation and soil conservation were generally moderate, representing 36.23%−51.87%, while the conservation of biodiversity and landform landscape were rated as highly important, accounting for 37.99%−44.26%. Based on the comprehensive calculation of ecosystem sensitivity and service function, the importance of landscape protection determined to be at least moderate across 83.57% of karst area.
Conclusions Based on the evaluation results, the study areas are divided into zones for enhancing agricultural and forestry landscape function, restoring wetland and water landscapes, rehabilitating mine and geological landscapes, and addressing rocky desertification. The proposed management models include landscape restoration and water resource regulation, as well as karst geological landscape protection and ecological recycling industry collaborative development. This study provides a scientific basis for sustainable utilization of karst landscape resources, ecological environment protection, and comprehensive planning in Guilin City.
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表 1 桂林可持续发展议程创新示范区景观重要性评价指标权重
Table 1. Weight of indicators used for evaluating the landscape importance in Guilin Sustainable Development Agenda Innovation Demonstration Zone
因素层 指标层 权重 生态系统敏感性 水土流失 0.13 石漠化 0.35 土地利用 0.20 岩性 0.33 生态系统服务功能重要性 水源涵养 0.15 土壤保持 0.11 生物多样性维护 0.28 地貌景观功能 0.47 
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