Characteristics of in-situ stresses and engineering stability analysis on the south section of the Bohai Strait Cross-Sea Corridor project
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摘要:
渤海海峡跨海通道工程是连接山东半岛与辽东半岛重要的海上交通主线工程，沿线地应力状态是工程设计和施工决策的重要参考依据。为了准确获得工程南段地区现今地应力特征及构造应力场分布特征，在烟台市蓬莱区西南北沟镇实施了300 m以浅的水压致裂法地应力测量。结果表明：测区主导应力为水平构造应力，与东北—华北应力区其他地区相比，应力值处于中等；随测量深度增加，最大水平主应力（SH）、最小水平主应力（Sh）和垂向主应力（Sv）均呈线性增大趋势；在测量深度范围内地壳浅表层应力结构以逆断型为主，即SH>Sh>Sv；实测SH平均方位角为N75.3°E，与华北应力区的应力场方向一致, 也与其震源机制解和GPS测量揭示的区域构造应力场方向基本一致。应用库仑摩擦滑动准则和此次测量数据，初步评估了渤海海峡跨海通道工程南段地区现今地应力积累水平及其对工程稳定性的影响，认为区域内应力积累总体水平相对较低，工程区域地壳相对稳定。依据岩爆危险程度综合判别准则$\sigma_{{\text{θ}}_{\max}} $ / Rc讨论了通道区域地下隧道工程围岩岩爆的可能性，认为该工程地下隧道发生岩爆可能性很低，隧道围岩总体稳定。研究结果为渤海海峡跨海通道工程的设计、施工等方案的优选提供了科学依据，同时也可为区域活动断裂、地震地质、区域动力学等研究提供基础数据。
Abstract:Objective The Bohai Strait Cross-Sea Corridor is an important maritime traffic project which joins the Liaodong and the Shandong peninsulas. The state of geostress is an important reference for engineering design and construction decision-making.
Method In order to better understand the present characteristics of the geostress and the distribution of the tectonic stress field in the southern section of the project, hydraulic fracturing tests were conducted for stress measurements at 0～300 m depth at Beigou Town, southwest Penglai District, Yantai City.
Results The analysis of the measured data indicates that the in-situ stress field is controlled by horizontal tectonic stress in the study area, and the horizontal stress values are at an intermediate level compared with those obtained elsewhere in the Northeast−North China Stress Zone; SH (the maximum horizontal principal stress), Sh (the minimum horizontal principal stress), and Sv (the vertical principal stress) change linearly with the depth of the BGZ borehole; in the depth range of the measurements, the shallow surface stress of the crust is mainly reverse fault type, that is, the relationship of the three principal stresses is SH>Sh>Sv. The measured SH average azimuth angle in the borehole, N75.3°E, is in good agreement with the direction of the tectonic stress field of the North China Stress Zone to which the study area belongs; and, it is basically consistent with the direction of the regional tectonic stress field revealed by the focal source mechanism solution and GPS measurement. The Coulomb friction sliding criterion and the measured data are used to preliminarily evaluate the current level of geostress accumulation in the study area and its impact on the engineering stability. It is believed that the overall level of stress accumulation in the region is relatively low, and the crust in the engineering area is currently relatively stable. In addition, based on the comprehensive discrimination criterion of rock burst danger, $\sigma_{{\text{θ}}_{\max}} $/Rc, the possibility of rock burst in the underground tunnel of the Bohai Strait Cross-Sea Corridor is discussed.
Conclusion It is primarily concluded that there is currently no possibility of rock burst in the underground tunnel of the Bohai Strait Cross-Sea Corridor, and the rock surrounding the tunnel is stable.
Significance The findings in this paper provide a scientific basis for the optimization of the design and the construction of the Bohai Strait Cross-Sea Corridor. The study also provides basic data for research on active faults, seismogeology, regional dynamics in the survey area, and others.
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表 1 BGZ测点水压致裂地应力测量结果
Table 1. Results of the hydraulic fracturing stress measurements in the BGZ borehole
测段
序号测段中心
深度/m压裂参数/MPa 主应力/MPa SH
方向Pb Pr Ps T P0 SH Sh Sv 1 30.00 10.00 6.10 3.69 4.20 0.30 4.67 3.69 0.81 2 77.00 10.52 6.03 4.07 5.26 0.77 5.41 4.07 2.08 N82.2°E 3 91.30 10.52 7.47 4.71 3.96 0.91 5.75 4.71 2.47 4 160.50 11.23 8.73 6.89 4.11 1.61 10.33 6.89 4.33 5 175.50 17.20 12.00 7.98 6.96 1.76 10.18 7.98 4.74 6 194.30 18.12 16.82 9.57 3.24 1.94 9.95 9.57 5.25 7 213.00 16.20 13.90 8.83 4.43 2.13 10.46 8.83 5.75 8 231.60 13.50 11.90 8.03 3.92 2.32 9.87 8.03 6.25 N68.5°E 注：Pb为岩石原地破裂压力；Pr为破裂面重张压力；Ps为破裂面瞬时关闭压力； T为岩石抗拉强度；P0为孔隙压力；SH为最大水平主应力；Sh为最小水平主应力；Sv为根据上覆岩石埋深计算的垂向主应力（岩石平均重力密度取27/kN /m3 ） 
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表 2 围岩岩爆分析结果
Table 2. Results of rock burst analysis of surrounding rock
隧道区段 SH 方位 隧道轴向 SH与隧道轴向法线 夹角(°) σn/MPa $\sigma_{{\text{θ}}_{\max}} $ /MPa$\sigma_{{\text{θ}}_{\max}} $ /Rc岩爆危险程度 跨海工程南段 N75°E N40°W 25 6.76 17.55 0.11 无岩爆 跨海工程北段 N51°E N30°E 69 11.36 27.72 0.17 无岩爆
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