南秦岭佛坪穹隆南缘韧性剪切带构造变形及其年代学研究

余坷成; 孙圣思; 董云鹏; 惠博; 程超; 张彬; 张一宁; 李欣雨

doi:10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2025008

南秦岭佛坪穹隆南缘韧性剪切带构造变形及其年代学研究

1.
大陆演化与早期生命全国重点实验室，陕西西安 710069

2.
西北大学地质学系，陕西西安 710069

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42330310，42372257）

详细信息

作者简介: 余坷成（1999—），男，在读硕士，从事构造地质学方向研究。Email：15695431357@163.com

通讯作者: 孙圣思（1985—），女，博士，教授，从事构造地质学、岩石流变学方向研究。Email：shsun@nwu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P548；P597+.3

收稿日期: 2025-02-03

修回日期: 2025-03-23

录用日期: 2025-03-24

网络出版日期: 2025-03-27

刊出日期: 2025-06-28

Structural deformation and geochronology of the ductile shear zone along the southern margin of the Foping dome, South Qinling

1.
National Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, China

2.
Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, China

Fund Project: This research is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42330310 and 42372257)

More Information

Corresponding author: SUN Shengsi, shsun@nwu.edu.cn

Received Date: 03 February 2025

Revised Date: 23 March 2025

Accepted Date: 24 March 2025

Available Online: 27 March 2025

Publish Date: 28 June 2025

摘要

摘要:
秦岭造山带中段佛坪地区集中发育麻粒岩−混合岩−片麻岩穹隆，是研究大陆地壳变质变形和秦岭中生代构造演化的关键地区。秧田坝−十亩地韧性剪切带位于佛坪穹隆南部，记录了晚三叠世末挤压伸展转换阶段中的中—深构造层次变质变形的信息，能够为探讨佛坪穹隆隆升机制提供依据。文章通过构造解析、矿物地球化学、矿物晶格优选方位以及年代学等手段对剪切带典型变质变形岩石样品展开研究。野外观测以及运动学涡度分析指示剪切带发育受控于纯剪切作用的右行韧性剪切变形。长英质糜棱岩中石英主要发育柱面<a>滑移系与柱面<c>滑移系，表明变形发生在约550~650 ℃的角闪岩相条件下。变质矿物组合特征以及石榴子石−黑云母−斜长石温压计的计算结果指示顺时针的P−T路径，峰期变质条件为568~611 ℃/5.2~5.3 kbar，630~654 ℃/7.1~7.9 kbar，等温降压阶段M2的温压条件为590~616 ℃/3.5~4.5 kbar。剪切带中混合岩化浅色体锆石U-Pb测年结果为 180.8 ± 3.8 Ma，代表韧性剪切变形的下限。结合区域地质资料，研究认为南秦岭佛坪地区经历的变质变形作用如下：~210 Ma以前该区处于碰撞造山阶段，强烈地壳增厚形成递进变质事件（M1）；210~200 Ma期间佛坪地区进入由碰撞造山向碰撞后伸展的构造体制转换阶段，水平缩短与垂向垮塌的双向应力导致佛坪南缘秧田坝−十亩地地区发育韧性剪切变形（D1），并开始发生等温降压变质事件M2；到~180 Ma，该区进入碰撞后伸展阶段，在区域北段发生减压部分熔融；随后在韧性剪切带折返过程中，糜棱面理进一步受到晚期褶皱变形（D2）的改造。研究成果可为探讨佛坪穹隆南部在晚三叠世—早侏罗世构造转换过程中变质变形响应细节过程提供参考。
- 南秦岭 /
- 中生代 /
- 韧性剪切带 /
- 构造变形 /
- 矿物组构 /
- 温压条件 /
- 年代学
Abstract: Objective
A typical granulite–migmatite–gneiss dome developed in the Foping area of the central Qinling orogenic belt. This area is key to studying the metamorphic deformation of continental crust and the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of Qinling. The Yangtianba–Shimudi ductile shear zone along the dome's southern margin records information on middle–deep structural deformation during the late Triassic compressional–extensional transition, offering crucial constraints on the exhumation mechanism of the Foping dome.
Methods
A detailed investigation of representative metamorphic and deformed rock samples from the shear zone was conducted using structural analysis, mineral geochemistry, crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO), and geochronology. Field observations and kinematic vorticity analysis show that this shear zone developed under right-lateral ductile shear deformation controlled by pure shear.
Results
In the felsic mylonite, quartz primarily shows prism <a> and prism <c> slip systems, suggesting deformation occurred under amphibolite facies conditions at approximately 550–650 °C. The characteristics of the metamorphic mineral assemblages and the results of garnet–biotite–plagioclase thermobarometry indicate a clockwise P–T path, with peak metamorphic conditions of 568–611 °C/5.2–5.3 kbar and 630–654 °C/7.1–7.9 kbar. The isothermal decompression stage M2 recorded conditions of 590–616 °C/3.5–4.5 kbar. Zircon U–Pb dating of the leucosomes in the migmatites within the shear zone yielded an age of 180.8 ± 3.8 Ma, representing the lower limit of the ductile shear deformation.
Conclusion
Integrated with regional geological data, the metamorphic and deformational evolution of the study area can be reconstructed as follows: Prior to ~210 Ma, the central segment of the South Qinling tectonic belt was dominated by collisional orogenesis, leading to crustal thickening and the development of progressive metamorphism (M1) in the Foping area. During 210–200 Ma, the Foping region transitioned into post-collisional extension. This transitional phase was characterized by a bidirectional stress regime combining horizontal shortening and vertical collapse, which triggered ductile shear deformation (D1) in the Yangtianba-Shimudi area and initiated the isothermal decompression metamorphic event (M2). The region entered a phase of post-collisional extension at about 180 million years. Continued extension resulted in the formation of partial melts in the northern part of the study area. During the subsequent exhumation of the ductile shear zone, the mylonitic foliation was reformed by late fold deformation. [Significance] The findings provide a reference for discussing the detailed process of metamorphic deformation response in the process of Late Triassic–Early Jurassic tectonic transformation in the south of Foping dome.
- South Qinling /
- Mesozoic /
- Structural Deformation /
- Ductile Shear Zone /
- mineral fabric /
- P–T conditions /
- geochronology

HTML全文

图 1 秦岭造山带与佛坪区域地质图

Figure 1.

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图 2 秧田坝−十亩地韧性剪切带地质图

Figure 2.

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图 3 秧田坝–十亩地剪切带内剪切变形与褶皱变形

Figure 3.

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图 4 糜棱岩样品显微照片

Figure 4.

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图 5 糜棱岩样品矿物电子探针矿物化学分析结果

Figure 5.

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图 6 十亩地秧田坝剪切带糜棱岩样品中石英和黑云母EBSD组构的等面积下半球极射赤平投影图

Figure 6.

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图 7 运动学涡度与有限应变分析结果

Figure 7.

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图 8 浅色体野外露头特征与锆石U-Pb年代学结果

Figure 8.

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图 9 秧田坝−十亩地韧性剪切带及临区变质岩样品P−T−t轨迹与变质变形示意图

Figure 9.

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图 10 秧田坝−十亩地韧性剪切带变质变形演化

Figure 10.

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表 1 糜棱岩样品矿物温压计峰期与退变质阶段温压条件计算结果

Table 1. Peak and retrograde metamorphic conditions of mylonite samples calculated using mineral thermobarometers

样品号	温度/℃		压力/kbar
样品号	峰期	退变质	峰期	退变质
23FP-33B	568~582	590~592	4.8~5.2	3.5~4.5
24FP-6B	604~611	593~616	5.2~5.3	3.8~4.4
24FP-8B	630~654	—	7.1~7.8	—

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表 2 糜棱岩样品有限应变计算结果

Table 2. Calculation of finite strain in mylonite samples

剖面	样品号	岩性	Y/Z	X/Y	K（Fillin参数)
十亩地	23FP-33B	长英质糜棱岩	1.07	1.39	1.95
十亩地	24FP-6B	长英质糜棱岩	1.26	1.57	4.87
秧田坝	24FP-8B	长英质糜棱岩	1.13	1.30	2.11

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表 3 十亩地-秧田坝韧性剪切带样品运动学涡度

Table 3. Kinematic vorticity of mylonite samples in the Shimudi–Yangtianba ductile shear zone

剖面	样品号	石英活动滑移系	运动学涡度
剖面	样品号	石英活动滑移系	R_XZ	β/(°)	W_k	η/(°)
十亩地	23FP-33B	柱面<a>滑移	1.48	11.80	0.49	14.51
十亩地	24FP-6B	柱面<a>滑移	1.98	6.67	0.34	9.84
秧田坝	24FP-8B	柱面<c>和柱面<a>滑移	1.47	9.85	0.41	12.06
秧田坝	23FP-15B	柱面<c>和柱面<a>滑移	1.41	6.76	0.28	8.14

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