The genesis of Qichun liemazui granite and its relationship with molybdenum mineralization
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摘要:
湖北蕲春烈马咀钼矿位于大别山南坡，已探明的大型钼矿鲜有报道，对该矿区的深入研究甚少，缺少对成岩成矿时代、成因和构造背景的准确厘定。对烈马咀钼矿及与成矿有关的花岗岩进行了岩相学、岩石地球化学研究和Re−Os同位素测年。结果表明：与成矿有关的岩石为斑状二长花岗岩或二长花岗斑岩，矿区成矿规模小，矿石为浸染状或细脉浸染状展布；辉钼矿等时线年龄为119±8 Ma，年龄加权平均值为118.9±0.98 Ma，指示烈马咀钼矿为早白垩世热液产物；岩石地球化学数据表明其为高硅、高钾钙碱性系列A型花岗岩；稀土元素的总含量高，轻稀土元素含量相对富集，重稀土元素含量相对亏损。烈马咀钼矿区与成矿有关的岩石形成于大别造山带伸展环境，与燕山晚期岩石圈减薄有关。
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关键词:
- 烈马咀花岗岩 /
- 辉钼矿 /
- 岩石地球化学 /
- Re−Os同位素测年 /
- 湖北
Abstract:Qichun Liemazui molybdenum mine in Hubei Province is located on the southern slope of Dabie Mountain. Proven large molybdenum mines are rarely reported. There are few in−depth studies on this mining area, and there is a lack of accurate determination of the diagenetic and mineralization age, genesis and tectonic setting. In this paper, the Liemazui ore−forming granite was selected for petrographic, and petrochemical studies. The experimental results indicate that the ore−forming rocks are porphyry monzogranite or monzogranite−porphyry by petrographic analysis. The ore−forming scale of the mining area is small. The ore is disseminated or veined disseminated. The isochronous age of molybdenite in liemazui deposit is 119±8 Ma, the weighted mean age was 118.9±0.98 Ma. Therefore, the Liemazui molybdenum deposit is formed in the Early Cretaceous. Geochemical data show that it is a high−silicon, high−potassium, calc−alkaline series A−type granite. The total amount of rare earth elements is high, the light rare earth elements are enriched, and the heavy rare earth elements are relatively deficient. The rocks related to metallogenic formation in the Liemazui molybdenum mining area were formed in the extensional environment of the Dabie orogenic belt, and were related to the thinning of the lithosphere in the Late Yanshanian period.
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Key words:
- Liemazui granite /
- molybdenite /
- petrochemical /
- Re−Os isotopic dating /
- Hubei Provincce
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图 5 SiO2−K2O图解（a，实线据Peccerillo,1976修改；虚线据Middlemost,1985修改）和A/CNK−A/NK图解（b）
Figure 5.
图 6 稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布型式（a）和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图（b）（球粒陨石和原始地幔标准化数据据Sun et al.,1989）
Figure 6.
图 8 岩石成因判别图解（底图据Whalen et al.,1987）
Figure 8.
图 9 构造判别图解（底图据Maniar et al.,1989）
Figure 9.
表 1 蕲春烈马咀花岗岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 1. Major, trace and rare earth elements content of Qichun Liemazui granite
元素 Qc-4 Qc-6 Qc-8 Qc-10 Qc-11 Qc-14 Qc-15 Qc-16 斑状花岗岩 花岗斑岩 斑状花岗岩 花岗斑岩 花岗岩 花岗斑岩 花岗斑岩 花岗斑岩 SiO2 75.09 74.44 71.02 71.94 72.16 71.52 74.61 70.17 TiO2 0.14 0.2 0.38 0.26 0.29 0.36 0.14 0.45 Al2O3 12.94 13.52 14.03 14.49 13.8 14.07 13.7 14.54 MnO 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 MgO 0.24 0.34 0.64 0.5 0.53 0.68 0.22 0.95 CaO 0.95 1.16 1.12 1.54 1.38 1.67 1.08 2 Na2O 3.73 3.59 3.76 3.58 3.59 3.78 3.74 3.94 K2O 4.83 5.05 4.96 5.23 5.14 4.81 4.95 4.43 P2O5 0.04 0.06 0.14 0.08 0.11 0.14 0.04 0.19 Fe2O3 1.34 1.49 2.42 2.19 2.11 2.43 1.3 2.93 TFe 0.94 1.04 1.69 1.53 1.48 1.70 0.91 2.05 K2O/Na2O 1.29 1.41 1.32 1.46 1.43 1.27 1.32 1.12 Na2O+K2O 8.56 8.64 8.72 8.81 8.73 8.59 8.69 8.37 A/NK 1.51 1.56 1.61 1.64 1.58 1.64 1.58 1.74 A/CNK 0.98 1 1.03 1 0.99 0.97 1.02 0.98 δ 2.28 2.37 2.71 2.68 2.61 2.59 2.39 2.58 Li 11.89 26.84 15.62 25.27 22.71 19.80 21.51 17.79 Be 4.05 3.87 2.63 3.01 3.42 3.71 4.04 2.59 Sc 2.55 3.20 4.11 3.18 3.69 3.98 2.88 4.47 V 7.12 12.91 24.59 17.87 19.24 25.54 7.58 33.73 Cr 2.37 3.55 9.92 6.80 10.97 10.85 2.71 15.06 Co 21.35 52.73 46.01 59.48 79.75 50.56 48.58 42.48 Ni 1.36 1.99 5.97 3.99 6.83 5.90 2.06 8.75 Cu 21.99 2.83 3.34 1.35 4.37 3.02 8.81 10.78 Zn 29.09 29.52 29.74 38.84 41.30 36.46 30.85 47.31 Ga 18.89 18.94 18.48 18.83 18.31 18.79 18.93 18.51 Rb 205.23 176.71 124.83 160.07 170.24 156.26 199.18 112.26 Sr 203.21 236.63 423.42 287.98 306.05 357.66 159.62 513.27 Y 24.83 19.95 26.01 16.26 22.74 23.19 10.33 24.69 Zr 178.77 157.68 259.26 240.31 177.23 188.98 151.38 186.52 Nb 15.48 21.61 23.88 15.06 24.83 23.98 16.12 23.33 Mo 0.97 0.42 0.37 0.86 0.28 0.44 6.47 0.46 Sn 2.65 2.34 2.02 1.62 2.08 1.95 1.16 1.82 Cs 1.39 1.14 1.02 0.59 0.94 0.69 1.11 0.54 Ba 892.89 900.81 1514.25 1669.08 1251.73 1183.29 800.45 1549.87 La 66.38 56.01 88.22 81.74 61.18 74.73 48.58 76.54 Ce 120.11 96.71 162.06 139.30 114.44 140.59 81.34 146.19 Pr 12.18 9.52 16.29 13.95 12.38 14.53 8.05 15.51 Nd 40.96 30.90 56.13 45.51 42.50 50.19 25.78 53.58 Sm 7.11 4.74 8.73 6.90 6.87 7.63 3.65 8.43 Eu 0.93 0.83 1.64 1.33 1.25 1.37 0.72 1.69 Gd 5.43 3.63 6.41 5.08 5.19 5.63 2.56 6.38 Tb 0.76 0.51 0.88 0.66 0.73 0.77 0.32 0.85 Dy 4.12 3.01 4.62 3.32 3.89 4.05 1.60 4.46 Ho 0.73 0.56 0.85 0.55 0.73 0.76 0.29 0.82 Er 2.10 1.77 2.31 1.44 2.10 2.17 0.86 2.31 Tm 0.32 0.29 0.34 0.19 0.31 0.32 0.14 0.32 Yb 2.21 2.06 2.37 1.25 2.04 2.13 1.02 2.17 Lu 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.21 0.32 0.33 0.19 0.32 Hf 5.37 5.09 6.45 6.19 4.97 5.52 4.67 4.87 Ta 1.69 1.99 1.94 1.03 2.12 1.77 1.22 1.61 Tl 1.21 0.97 0.65 0.81 0.88 0.85 1.07 0.58 Pb 49.92 38.84 30.74 33.84 35.08 30.14 44.38 25.42 Th 29.62 24.88 19.47 24.89 18.36 20.85 24.08 17.63 U 3.57 5.65 1.98 3.17 2.98 4.11 3.34 2.21 δEu 0.46 0.61 0.67 0.69 0.64 0.64 0.72 0.67 δNd 4.25 4.33 4.49 4.37 4.41 4.53 4.40 4.48 δSr 1.77 2.41 5.61 3.27 3.17 3.99 1.52 7.50 (La/Yb)N 21.59 19.53 26.66 47.00 21.52 25.23 34.13 28.11 (Sr/Y)N 8.18 11.86 16.28 17.71 13.46 15.43 15.44 15.43 LREE/HREE 6.06 6.18 7.55 9.97 6.27 7.35 9.71 7.13 ΣREE 288.52 230.85 377.22 317.70 276.67 328.39 185.43 344.26 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10−6 
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表 2 湖北蕲春烈马咀辉钼矿Re−Os同位素数据
Table 2. Re−Os isotopic data for molybdenite from the Hubei Qichun Liemazui Mo deposit
样号 样重/g Re/10−6 普Os/10−6 187Re/10−6 187Os/10−9 模式年龄/Ma 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 HM-07 0.05001 12.20 0.09 0.000 0.010 7.667 0.059 15.39 0.18 120.3 1.9 HM-06 0.05000 12.62 0.18 0.004 0.014 7.934 0.112 15.58 0.14 117.8 2.2 HM-08 0.05014 13.40 0.29 0.004 0.019 8.425 0.183 16.47 0.14 117.3 2.9 HM-09 0.05016 21.92 0.41 0.004 0.011 13.77 0.26 27.31 0.22 118.9 2.6 HM-10 0.04999 19.38 0.24 0.025 0.012 12.18 0.15 24.19 0.20 119.1 2.0
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表 3 蕲春花岗岩与国内外各类花岗岩主量元素及部分微量元素含量对比（据吴锁平等，2007修改）
Table 3. Statistical comparison of major elements and some trace elements between Qichun granite and various granites at home and abroad
元素 世界花岗岩平均 中国花岗岩平均 蕲春 A型（148） M型（17） I型（991） S型（578） A型（197） M型（4） I型（62） S型（26） A型 SiO2 73.81 67.24 69.17 70.27 73.55 75.35 64.52 73.35 72.62 Al2O3 12.4 15.18 14.33 14.1 12.81 12.09 15.83 13.89 13.89 Fe2O3 1.24 1.94 1.04 0.56 1.42 0.93 1.25 0.81 2.03 CaO 0.75 4.27 3.2 2.03 0.82 1.97 3.98 1.17 1.36 MgO 0.2 1.73 1.42 1.42 0.27 0.18 1.98 0.32 0.51 Na2O 4.07 3.97 3.13 2.41 3.76 5.19 3.65 3.3 3.71 K2O 4.65 1.26 3.4 3.96 4.69 0.51 3 4.79 4.93 MnO 0.06 0.11 0.07 0.06 0.09 0.06 0.1 0.04 0.04 TiO2 0.26 0.49 0.43 0.48 0.23 0.18 0.59 0.19 0.28 P2O5 0.04 0.09 0.11 0.15 0.07 0.06 0.18 0.11 0.10 元素 A 型( 148) M 型( 17) I 型( 991) S 型( 578) A 型( 140) M 型( 4) I 型( 28) S 型( 11) A型 Ba 352 263 538 466 235.96 277 988.28 664.18 1218.80 Rb 169 17.5 151 217 269.69 8 119.42 227.08 163.10 Sr 48 282 247 120 57.54 62.3 469.94 156.65 311.0 Nb 37 1.3 1 12 34.93 4.07 11.4 14.14 20.60 Zr 528 108 151 165 333.77 111 148.32 114.2 191.40 Y 75 22 28 32 54.03 43.4 19.32 17.31 20.10 Ga 24.6 15 16 17 18.54 4.54 18.80 Ga/Al 3.75 1.87 2.28 2.25 2.60 Rb/Sr 3.52 0.06 0.61 1.81 20.58 4.69 0.21 1.55 0.70 Rb/Ba 0.48 0.07 0.28 0.47 8.94 1.14 0.09 0.46 0.20 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量元素含量单位为10−6
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表 4 蕲春花岗岩与国内各类型花岗岩稀土元素平均含量对比（据吴锁平等，2007修改）
Table 4. Comparison of average content of rare earth elements between Qichun granite and various types of domestic granites
10−6 类型 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb A(88) 18.40 144.12 119.47 85.41 58.94 12.23 38.70 40.72 I(11) 118.62 79.259 53.17 43.82 25.39 16.32 14.08 9.50 S(20) 177.71 133.30 97.99 58.16 38.16 12.77 20.16 17.60 蕲春 70.00 126.10 12.90 43.40 6.80 1.20 5.00 0.70 类型 Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu ΣREE Eu A(88) 29.32 30.16 30.34 36.21 31.95 33.17 29.32 30.16 I(11) 7.915 5.61 6.09 6.32 6.05 5.68 7.92 5.62 S(20) 13.96 14.16 13.38 14.69 11.37 12.21 13.96 14.17 蕲春 3.60 0.70 7.02 0.30 1.90 0.30 293.63 1.20
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