Constructing a county-level landscape ecological restoration pattern of agricultural and forestry interlacing based on the "Source-Sink" theory: A case study of Oroqen Banner
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摘要:
基于“源-汇”理论，运用最小累计阻力模型，通过ArcGIS软件分析计算，构建内蒙古鄂伦春旗地区景观生态修复格局。通过对区域“源”、“汇”景观识别，分析区域各类型源景观阻力面，划分出5级生态功能分区，提出修复区的空间修复次序。结果表明，鄂伦春旗地区林地源景观面积28054.2 km2，草地源景观面积2912.9 km2，水域源景观面积141.4 km2，源景观占鄂伦春旗总面积的85.58 %，生态功能及生态质量整体较好，但是旗南部均以耕地为主，南北部景观生态安全质量差异较大。针对各类修复区生态问题的严重程度及分布区域范围，修复次序为林草水修复重要区＞林草修复重要区＞草水修复重要区＞林水修复重要区＞草地修复重要区＞水域修复重要区＞林地修复重要区。创新提出了研究区生态保护核心区及重点生态修复区分布范围，构建了“点、线、面”三位一体的立体空间廊道和“四横二纵”的生态修复格局，为以林地和耕地为主要景观的欠发达县域地区生态环境保护体系做出示例。可广泛应用于存在较多类型生态保护区且农林混杂交错的县域地区，为区域生态保护、空间规划管制、构建生态修复格局提供参考。
Abstract:This study focuses on Oroqen Banner as the research subject and utilizes the "source-sink" theory and the Minimum Cumulative Resistance model (MCR) to establish a landscape ecological restoration pattern in the region. By employing the third national land survey vector data and conducting analysis and calculations through ArcGIS software, the study constructs and discusses the ecological restoration pattern in Oroqen Banner. The identification of source and sink landscapes, along with the analysis of resistance surfaces for different types of source landscapes, allows for the delineation of a 5-level ecological functional zoning. Moreover, a spatial restoration sequence is proposed for the restoration areas. The results indicate that the forest source landscape covers an area of 28054.2 km2 in the study area, while the grassland source landscape spans 2912.9 km2, and the water source landscape occupies 141.4 km2. These source landscapes account for 85.58% of the total area of the banner, demonstrating a generally favorable ecological function and quality. However, the southern part of the banner is primarily characterized by cultivated land, exhibiting significant disparities in landscape ecological security compared to the northern part. Based on the severity of ecological issues and the distribution range of various restoration areas, the restoration sequence is as follows: forest and grassland restoration important area > forest and grassland restoration important area > grassland and water restoration important area > forest and water restoration important area > grassland restoration important area > water restoration important area > forest restoration important area. In contrast to previous research, this study innovatively proposes the distribution range of ecological core areas and key ecological restoration areas within the study area. Additionally, it constructs a "point-line-surface three-in-one" three-dimensional spatial corridor and a "four-horizontal and two-vertical" ecological restoration pattern, serving as an exemplary instance for the ecological environment protection system in underdeveloped county-level areas dominated by forest and cultivated land. The findings have broad applicability to county-level areas with abundant ecological protection areas and a complex mixture of agricultural and forestry landscapes. Accordingly, it will provide valuable references for regional ecological protection and the establishment of ecological restoration patterns in spatial planning and control.
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