Petrogenesis of porphyries in Baxi copper deposit in East Junggar, NW China and its enlightenment to mineral prospecting
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摘要:
新疆坝西铜矿位于东准噶尔琼河坝矿集区，是新发现的斑岩型铜矿。主要赋矿围岩为石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和石英二长闪长岩。锆石U−Pb测年显示，花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩均形成于337 Ma，属早石炭世晚期。花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩都具有高硅、中低钾，属钙碱性系列，富钙、富铝，为准铝质—弱过铝质。富集轻稀土及大离子亲石元素，亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素，具有弱的负Eu异常，表现出弧花岗岩特征和某些埃达克岩特性。结合区域研究，初步认为形成于东准噶尔岩浆活动相对“宁静期”的坝西含矿石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩，应与早期俯冲的弧物质的部分熔融有关，并发生了岩浆混合作用，且伴随有一定程度的结晶分异，同时也形成斑岩型铜矿，此时应处于从俯冲增生到后造山伸展的转换阶段。琼河坝地区除志留纪—泥盆纪发育大量矿产外，石炭纪也是一个重要的成矿期，值得关注。本次研究对北疆及邻区的晚古生代后碰撞斑岩矿产的找矿勘查工作具有重要的指示意义。
Abstract:The recently discovered Baxi porphyry copper deposit is located in the Qiongheba ore−concentration area in East Junggar, Xinjiang. The ore−bearing porphyry are mainly composed of quartz diorite, quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite. Zircon U−Pb dating yielded two similar late Early Carboniferous ages of 337 Ma for quartz diorite and granodiorite. Quartz diorites and granodiorites are high SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, and low K2O contents, belonging the calc−alkaline, aluminum−weakly peraluminous. They are rich in LREE and LILE, such as Nb, Ta and Ti with weak negative Eu anomaly and high Sr and low Y contents, showing arc granitic characters with some Adakite futures. Combined with the regional research, we suggest the diorites and granodiorites in the Baxi porphyry copper deposit formed by partial melting of former subduction arc with magmatic mixing and following crystallization differentiation during the tectonic transition period from subduction to post−orogenic setting in Late Paleozoic. Porphyry copper deposits also formed in this period. In other words, except the Silurian−Devonian large−scale metallogenic stage, Carboniferous is also an important metallogenic stage in the Qiongheba area. It indicates that we should more attention on Late Paleozoic post−collision porphyry deposits in mineral exploration in northern Xinjiang and adjacent areas.
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Key words:
- Qiongheba /
- Carboniferous /
- porphyry copper deposit /
- tectonic setting transition /
- East Junggar
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图 5 坝西铜矿花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩SiO2−K2O图解（a）和A/CNK−A/NK图解（b）（空心圆石英闪长岩数据为本文数据；实心圆石英闪长岩数据据Xiao et al., 2018; 张铭鸿等，2021）
Figure 5.
图 6 坝西铜矿花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩稀土元素配分模式图（a）及微量元素蛛网图（b）（标准化值据Sun et al., 1989；空心圆石英闪长岩数据为本文数据；实心圆石英闪长岩数据据Xiao et al., 2018; 张铭鸿等，2021)
Figure 6.
表 1 坝西铜矿含矿花岗闪长岩(C-2)和石英闪长岩(WSS-2) LA−ICP−MS锆石U−Th−Pb同位素分析结果
Table 1. LA−ICP−MS zircon U−Th−Pb data of granodiorite (C-2) and quartz diorite (WSS-2) in the Baxi copper deposit
样号 含量/10−6 Th/U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 208Pb/232U 1σ 206Pb /238U 年龄/Ma 1σ Pb Th U C-2-1 6.50 45.80 111.60 0.41 0.06 0.00 0.39 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 334.0 6.3 C-2-2 5.90 38.30 99.80 0.38 0.06 0.00 0.42 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 334.9 5.0 C-2-3 5.20 37.40 85.80 0.43 0.06 0.01 0.41 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 340.9 11.0 C-2-4 5.40 34.20 93.30 0.36 0.06 0.00 0.40 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 334.6 5.3 C-2-5 3.70 24.20 65.10 0.37 0.06 0.01 0.41 0.06 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 341.5 18.9 C-2-7 4.60 33.20 80.40 0.41 0.06 0.01 0.41 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 331.1 18.1 C-2-8 6.10 52.10 100.40 0.51 0.06 0.01 0.41 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 340.7 7.8 C-2-9 5.40 44.60 89.20 0.50 0.06 0.01 0.40 0.06 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 335.4 18.1 C-2-10 8.40 67.20 136.60 0.49 0.05 0.00 0.41 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 343.6 7.7 C-2-11 4.70 28.30 79.60 0.35 0.06 0.01 0.42 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 338.1 19.5 C-2-12 6.50 45.90 111.20 0.41 0.06 0.01 0.40 0.07 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 338.4 13.3 C-2-13 4.00 27.90 66.60 0.42 0.06 0.01 0.42 0.09 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 342.4 17.2 C-2-14 5.00 36.60 85.40 0.42 0.05 0.01 0.41 0.06 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 342.2 19.2 C-2-15 6.90 57.40 112.70 0.50 0.06 0.01 0.40 0.07 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 335.0 15.7 C-2-16 4.30 34.70 75.30 0.46 0.05 0.01 0.40 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 333.1 23.4 C-2-17 4.40 29.30 80.40 0.36 0.05 0.01 0.41 0.09 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 334.4 30.2 C-2-18 8.90 63.80 151.30 0.42 0.05 0.00 0.40 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 338.7 6.0 C-2-19 5.30 43.70 89.70 0.48 0.05 0.00 0.40 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 339.4 6.1 C-2-20 18.90 215.40 302.20 0.71 0.05 0.01 0.39 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 332.2 13.4 WSS-2-1 9.50 107.50 146.70 0.73 0.06 0.01 0.39 0.07 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 335.5 13.9 WSS-2-2 18.80 187.30 290.70 0.64 0.06 0.00 0.41 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 339.7 4.8 WSS-2-3 22.00 241.70 332.80 0.72 0.05 0.00 0.40 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 337.4 4.1 WSS-2-4 17.40 206.70 265.60 0.77 0.05 0.00 0.39 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 332.5 4.1 WSS-2-5 13.70 152.50 208.80 0.73 0.05 0.00 0.39 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 334.7 3.9 WSS-2-6 28.30 322.80 423.20 0.76 0.05 0.00 0.40 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 339.5 6.1 WSS-2-7 14.60 151.90 223.90 0.67 0.06 0.00 0.42 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 339.3 4.2 WSS-2-8 14.60 149.80 224.30 0.66 0.05 0.00 0.40 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 338.2 4.1 WSS-2-9 16.30 184.80 245.40 0.75 0.06 0.00 0.40 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 334.7 5.7 WSS-2-10 18.30 201.90 270.50 0.74 0.06 0.01 0.41 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 342.7 8.2 WSS-2-11 14.80 142.20 226.20 0.62 0.05 0.00 0.39 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 334.9 5.0 WSS-2-13 17.00 186.90 253.90 0.73 0.05 0.00 0.40 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 336.5 4.2 WSS-2-14 10.40 115.20 156.80 0.73 0.05 0.00 0.39 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 333.6 5.5 WSS-2-15 14.70 165.10 217.70 0.75 0.05 0.00 0.39 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 331.8 14.0 WSS-2-17 8.80 75.50 134.80 0.56 0.06 0.00 0.41 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 337.0 5.5 WSS-2-18 14.40 123.40 217.80 0.56 0.05 0.00 0.40 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 338.7 5.1 WSS-2-19 17.10 209.40 243.60 0.85 0.05 0.01 0.39 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 335.0 7.7 WSS-2-20 11.90 118.90 178.30 0.66 0.06 0.00 0.42 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 335.7 5.8 
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表 2 坝西铜矿赋矿岩石主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 2. Major, trace and rare elements compositions of the ore-bearing rocks from the Baxi copper deposit
元素 WSS-3 BX-GSY1 BX-GSY2 C-2 BX-GSY3 BX-GSY4 BX-GSY5 D008-2 石英闪长岩 石英闪长岩 黑云母辉石石英闪长岩 花岗闪长岩 花岗闪长岩 花岗闪长岩 黑云母花岗闪长岩 黑云母花岗闪长岩 SiO2 60.3 60 56.87 62.97 63.61 63.66 63.97 61.33 TiO2 0.55 0.58 0.79 0.59 0.51 0.46 0.46 0.61 Al2O3 17.85 17.7 17.22 15.95 16.12 17.52 17.37 16.19 Fe2O3 2.42 6.34 8.26 2.35 5.5 4.19 4.29 3.09 FeO 2.87 2.94 3.99 3.41 2.68 2.46 2.01 3.2 MnO 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.08 0.13 0.12 0.08 MgO 2.43 2.48 3.43 2.23 2.18 1.52 1.48 2.67 CaO 5.87 5.46 6.64 4.99 4.47 4.28 4.13 4.87 Na2O 4.36 4.37 3.4 3.4 3.58 4.62 4.73 3.54 K2O 0.84 1.31 1.41 2 2.3 1.72 1.8 2.16 P2O5 0.18 0.18 0.2 0.14 0.13 0.17 0.17 0.15 H2O + 1.08 0.11 0 1.09 0.11 0.1 0.12 1.23 烧失量 1.28 0.79 0.87 0.89 0.66 1.92 1.04 1.1 总计 100.15 102.4 103.23 100.17 101.93 102.75 101.69 100.22 La 11.9 13.6 12 12.7 14.2 15.8 14 12.8 Ce 25 30 29.3 28.5 32.9 34.3 32.2 27.9 Pr 3.42 3.6 3.6 4.26 3.9 4.1 3.8 4.2 Nd 12.8 14.8 16.2 16 15.7 16.7 15.4 15.6 Sm 3.14 3.2 4 4.36 3.5 3.5 3.4 4.49 Eu 1.07 1 1 1.02 0.86 1.1 1 0.99 Gd 3.18 2.7 3.5 4.57 3 3 2.8 4.61 Tb 0.48 0.47 0.68 0.77 0.56 0.51 0.5 0.75 Dy 2.98 2.9 4.1 4.53 3.4 3 3 4.72 Ho 0.53 0.63 0.9 0.79 0.74 0.64 0.64 0.82 Er 1.95 1.7 2.5 3.05 2.1 1.8 1.8 3.02 Tm 0.28 0.28 0.41 0.47 0.37 0.31 0.31 0.45 Yb 2 1.9 2.6 2.96 2.2 2.1 2 3.18 Lu 0.24 0.29 0.4 0.37 0.35 0.31 0.32 0.38 Y 18.2 16 22.7 29 19.3 17.4 16.4 28.7 Rb 16.5 44.7 41.3 Ba 477 786 701 Nb 3.84 4.29 3.86 Ta 0.21 0.25 0.22 Zr 93.3 99.7 152 Hf 2.63 3.33 4.41 Th 2.23 3.69 3.62 V 141 139 170 Cr 12.5 8.73 11 Co 15 16.3 12.9 Ni 9.66 7.2 8.89 U 0.88 1.24 1.37 ∑REE 68.97 77.07 81.19 84.35 83.78 87.17 81.17 83.91 δEu 1.02 1.03 0.8 0.69 0.79 1.01 0.96 0.66 DI 57.56 55.8 45.48 61.91 62.23 66.03 67.51 60.69 A/CNK 0.95 0.96 0.9 0.95 0.98 1.02 1.01 0.95 A/NK 2.21 2.06 2.42 2.05 1.92 1.85 1.78 1.98 注：主量元素含量单位为%；稀土和微量元素含量单位为10−6
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