Regional engineering geological condition evaluation in the Sichuan−Xizang traffic corridor
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摘要:
区域工程地质条件是重大工程规划建设地质安全的重要保障。川西藏东交通廊道位于青藏高原东部，穿越世界上地形地貌和地质构造最复杂的地区，区域工程地质环境复杂。响应重大工程规划建设的地质安全需求，以川西藏东交通廊道重大线性工程沿线为研究区，在分析区域工程地质环境的基础上，选取9个地质环境因子指标，采用基于GIS的层次分析法，完成了区域工程地质条件评价，将研究区划分为工程地质条件好、较好、中等和差4个等级。结果显示，活动断裂是最不利的工程地质条件因素，其次是地形起伏度和地质灾害易发程度。工程地质条件好的地区远离活动断裂带和深切峡谷，呈块状、条带状分布于活动断裂带及深切峡谷之间。工程地质条件差的地区主要分布于活动断裂带和高山峡谷区，突出表现为距活动断裂较近，尤其是多条断裂相交或近于相交的地区。研究结果能够为川西藏东交通廊道重大工程规划建设地质安全提供科学支撑。
Abstract:The regional engineering geological conditions are the important guarantee for geological safety of major engineering planning and construction. The Sichuan−Xizang traffic corridor is located in the eastern Qinghai−Xizang Plateau, and passes through the zone with the most complex terrain and geological structure all over the world, and faces the extremly complex regional engineering geological environment. In order to respond to the geological safety requirements of major engineering planning and construction, this paper takes the major linear project regions in the Sichuan−Xizang traffic corridor as the study area. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing the regional geological settings, the regional engineering geological condition evaluation is completed by using the GIS analytical hierarchy process and 9 geological environment factors, and the regional engineering geological conditions are divided into 4 levels: good, relatively good, moderate and poor. The results show that the active faults are the most unfavorable factors of engineering geological conditions, followed by terrain relief and geo−hazard susceptibility. The areas with good engineering geological conditions are far away from active faults and deep canyons, and are distributed in the blocks and strips between active faults and deep canyons. The areas with poor engineering geological conditions are mainly distributed in the faut zones and alpine and canyon regions. The outstanding performance is that they are relatively close to strongly active faults, especially the regions with intersection of multiple faults. The research results can provide scientific support for the geological safety of major engineering planning in the Sichuan−Xizang traffic corridor.
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表 1 川西藏东交通廊道活动断裂影响程度和范围
Table 1. Influence degree and range of active faults in the Sichuan−Xizang traffic corridor
km 活动断裂 影响程度 岩石圈断裂 地壳断裂 基底断裂 盖层断裂 全新世
活动断裂极强 5 2 1 0 强 8 6 3 1 中等 10 8 6 2 较弱 25 20 15 10 晚更新世
活动断裂极强 2 1.5 0.5 0 强 5 3 2 0.5 中等 8 6 4 1.5 较弱 20 15 10 6 早—中更新
世活动断裂极强 1 0.5 0 0 强 4 3 1 0 中等 6 4 3 1 较弱 18 13 8 4 
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表 2 岩性特征划分与工程地质岩组对应表
Table 2. Lithologic characteristics and engineering geological units
工程性质 工程地质岩组分类名称 编号 工程性质好 坚硬的厚层状砂岩岩组 1 坚硬的中－厚层状灰岩及白云岩岩组 6 坚硬块状花岗岩、安山岩、闪长岩岩组 12 工程性质
较好较坚硬—坚硬的中—厚层状砂岩夹砾岩、泥岩、板岩岩组 2 较坚硬－坚硬薄－中厚层状板岩、千枚岩与变质砂岩互层岩组 9 较坚硬的薄－中厚层状灰岩、泥质灰岩岩组 7 工程性质
中等软弱－较坚硬薄－中厚层状砂、泥岩及砾、泥岩互层岩组 4 软硬相间的中－厚层状砂岩、泥岩夹灰岩、泥质灰岩及其互层岩组 3 软硬相间的中－厚层状灰岩、白云岩夹砂、泥岩、千枚岩、板岩岩组 8 以坚硬的块状玄武岩为主的岩组 11 工程性质差 软弱的薄层状泥、页岩岩组 5 较弱－较坚硬的薄－中厚层状千枚岩、片岩夹灰岩、砂岩、火山岩岩组 10 构造混杂岩带 14 软质散体结构岩组 13
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表 3 川西藏东交通廊道工程地质条件因子指标判断矩阵
Table 3. Factor judgment matrix of engineering geological condition of the Sichuan−Xizang traffic corridor
因子 地形起伏度 活动断裂 PGA 剪应力梯度 地壳形变 岩土体性质 地下水富水强度 高温地热 地质灾害易发性 权重 地形起伏度 1 1/3 1 4 4 3 3 5 1 0.17 活动断裂 3 1 3 4 4 3 3 4 2 0.25 PGA 1 1/3 1 3 3 1 1 3 1 0.11 剪应力梯度 1/4 1/4 1/3 1 1 1/3 1/3 1 1/4 0.04 地壳形变 1/4 1/4 1/3 1 1 1/3 1/3 1 1/4 0.04 岩土体性质 1/3 1/3 1 3 3 1 1 1/3 1/2 0.08 地下水富水强度 1/3 1/3 1 3 3 1 1 3 1/2 0.10 高温地热 1/5 1/4 1/3 1 1 3 1/3 1 1/3 0.06 地质灾害易发性 1 1/2 1 4 4 2 2 3 1 0.15
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表 4 川西藏东交通廊道工程地质条件因子指标权重
Table 4. Factor level weights of engineering geological condition of the Sichuan−Xizang traffic corridor
地质条件 因子指标/单位 权重值 因子指标等级 权重/% 权重值 地形地貌 地形起伏度/（m·km−2） 0.17 <200 7 1.19 200~400 10 1.70 400~600 15 2.55 60~800 25 4.25 >800 43 7.31 地质结构 活动断裂 0.25 较弱影响区 13 3.25 中等影响区 18 4.50 强影响区 29 7.25 极强影响区 40 10.00 地震动峰值加速度/g 0.11 0.1 5 0.55 0.15 11 1.21 0.2 16 1.76 0.3 28 3.08 0.4 40 4.40 剪应力梯度/
（kPa·km−2）0.04 <5 18 0.72 5~10 21 0.84 10~25 26 1.04 ≥25 35 1.40 地壳垂直形变速率水平梯度/
（mm·km−1）0.04 <0.02 17 0.68 0.02~0.03 20 0.80 0.03~0.05 26 1.04 0.06~0.17 37 1.48 岩土体 岩土体工程性质 0.08 工程性质差 37 2.96 工程性质中等 28 2.24 工程性质较好 20 1.60 工程性质好 15 1.20 水文地质 地下水富水强度 0.1 极贫乏 12 1.20 贫乏 17 1.70 中等 28 2.80 丰富 43 4.30 不良地质作用 地热异常 0.06 无地热异常区 0 0 低温地热异常区（25℃≤T<40℃） 24 1.44 中温地热异常区（40℃≤T<60℃） 33 1.98 高温地热异常区（T≥60℃） 43 2.58 地质灾害易发性 0.15 低易发 8 1.20 中等易发 18 2.70 高易发 30 4.50 极高易发 44 6.60
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