Zircon U−Pb age and geochemical characteristics of biotite monzonitic granite and mineralization background in Xiaodachuan Pb−Zn−Cu deposit of Inner Mongolia, the southern Great Khingan Range
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摘要:
研究目的 大兴安岭南段新发现的小大川铅锌铜矿赋存于黑云母二长花岗岩体中，在空间上受到燕山晚期侵入岩的影响。其成岩成矿时代、岩石成因及成矿地质背景等尚不清楚，对其研究可以为区域内铅锌成矿规律提供新的依据。
研究方法 采集大兴安岭南段小大川铅锌铜矿黑云母二长花岗岩样品，进行岩相学、锆石U−Pb测年，岩石地球化学及Sr−Nd同位素分析。
研究结果 研究表明，小大川黑云母二长花岗岩的锆石U−Pb年龄为135.9±0.8 Ma和134.9±0.8 Ma，表明铅锌矿化发生在早白垩世。岩石地球化学特征显示，黑云母二长花岗岩富SiO2（71.29%~72.92%）、K2O+Na2O（7.17%~7.89%）、Al2O3（13.35%~14.48%），贫MgO（0.61%~0.64%）、CaO（1.24%~1.73%），富集Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th元素，亏损Ba、K、Sr、P、Ti元素且稀土元素配分型式呈“海鸥型”分布，δEu值为0.35~0.47，负Eu异常明显，属于高钾钙碱性、过铝质A2型花岗岩。Sr−Nd同位素特征显示（87Sr/86Sr）i值为0.70545~0.70548，εNd（t）值为−1.7~−0.3，Nd同位素的二阶段模式年龄为957~1071 Ma。
结论 结合年代学特征及地球化学特征，认为岩石成因为新生地壳和幔源物质混合同时受到上地壳混染。小大川黑云母二长花岗岩形成于蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合造山后的伸展环境，该环境同时还导致了区域内成岩成矿作用的发生。
Abstract:Objective The newly discovered Xiaodachuan Pb−Zn−Cu deposit in the southern section of the Greater Khingan Range occurs in the biotite monzonitic granite body and is spatially affected by the late Yanshanian intrusive rocks. The age of diagenesis and mineralization, petrogenesis and metallogenic geological background are still unclear. The study can provide a new basis for the metallogenic regularity of lead and zinc in the area.
Methods Samples of biotite monzogranite from the Xiaodachuan Pb−Zn−Cu deposit in the southern section of the Greater Khingan Range were collected for petrographic study, zircon U−Pb dating, whole rock geochemical analysis, and Sr−Nd isotopic investigations.
Results Research shows that the zircon U−Pb ages of the biotite monzonitic granite are 135.9±0.8 Ma and 134.9±0.8 Ma, indicating that the Pb−Zn mineralization occurred in the Early Cretaceous. The rock geochemical characteristics show that the biotite monzonitic granite is rich in SiO2(71.29%~72.92%), K2O＋Na2O(7.17%~7.89%), Al2O3(13.35%~14.48%), poor in MgO(0.61%~0.64%) and CaO(1.24%~1.73%), enriched in Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Th elements, depleted in Ba, K, Sr, P and Ti elements, and the rare earth distribution pattern is “seagull” type. The δEu value is 0.35~0.47, and the negative Eu anomaly is obvious. It belongs to high−potassium calc−alkaline and peraluminous A2−type granite. The Sr−Nd isotope characteristics show that the (87Sr/86Sr)i value is 0.70545~0.70548, the εNd(t) value is −1.7 ~ −0.3, and the two−stage model age of Nd isotope is 1071~957 Ma.
Conclusions Combined with the chronological and geochemical characteristics, it is considered that the diagenetic material is a mixture of new crust and mantle−derived material and is contaminated by the upper crust. The Xiaodachuan biotite monzonitic granite was formed in an extensional environment after the closure of the Mongolia−Okhotsk Ocean, which also led to the occurrence of diagenesis and mineralization in the region.
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图 1 大兴安岭南段大地构造位置（a）和地质矿产简图（b）（据Mi et al., 2022修改）
Figure 1.
图 2 小大川铅锌铜矿床地质简图（据赤峰盛源地质勘查有限公司，2018）
Figure 2.
图 4 小大川矿区Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号铜矿体的0号勘查线（a）和Ⅵ号铅锌矿体的3号勘查线（b）剖面图（据赤峰盛源地质勘查有限公司，2018）
Figure 4.
图 5 小大川铅锌铜矿黑云母二长花岗岩TAS图解（a）和SiO2−K2O判别图解（b）（a图据Middlemost，1994；b图据Peccerillo and Taylor，1976）
Figure 5.
图 6 小大川铅锌铜矿黑云母二长花岗岩A/CNK−A/NK图解（据Middlemost，1985）
Figure 6.
图 7 小大川铅锌铜矿黑云母二长花岗岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线（a）和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图（b）（标准化数据分别据Sun and McDonough，1989）
Figure 7.
图 10 小大川铅锌铜矿黑云母二长花岗岩类型判别图解（底图据Collins et al.，1982；Whalen et al.，1987；Eby，1992）
Figure 10.
图 11 小大川铅锌铜矿床黑云母二长花岗岩La−La/Sm 图解（a）和（La/Yb）N−Nb/La图解（b）（底图据Allegre and Minster，1978）
Figure 11.
图 12 小大川铅锌铜矿床黑云母二长花岗岩和邻区典型矿床与成矿有关岩浆岩(87Sr/86Sr)i−εNd(t)图解（a）和源区与熔体混染的混合计算图（b）（底图据Jahn et al.，1999，2004；Wu et al.，2000）
Figure 12.
图 13 小大川铅锌铜矿黑云母二长花岗岩SiO2−TFeO/（TFeO+MgO）（a）和（Y+Nb）−Rb（b）构造环境判别图解（底图据Pearce et al.，1984；Maniar and Piccoli et al.，1989）
Figure 13.
图 14 小大川铅锌铜矿邻区典型矿床矿石的铅同位素△β−△γ分类图解（a）和硫同位素组成图解（b）（a图据朱炳泉，1998；b图据Zhai et al.，2014）
Figure 14.
表 1 小大川铅锌铜矿黑云母二长花岗岩主量、微量和稀土元素含量
Table 1. Major, trace and rare earth elements content of biotite monzogranite in the Xiaodachuan Pb−Zn−Cu deposit
元素 XBC
5-1XBC
5-2XBC-6 XBC-7 XBC-8 元素 XBC
5-1XBC
5-2XBC-6 XBC-7 XBC-8 SiO2 71.36 71.29 72.92 72.34 71.33 Zn 62 61 120 261 301 Al2O3 14.48 14.40 13.35 13.57 13.73 Li 30.2 29.5 31.1 32.1 36.4 CaO 1.73 1.72 1.50 1.25 1.24 V 24 27 26 29 29 Fe2O3 0.73 0.76 0.60 0.54 0.44 Ni 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 K2O 4.01 4.00 3.36 3.73 3.83 Y 23.9 23.9 23.6 25.6 22.4 MgO 0.61 0.63 0.64 0.62 0.61 Co 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 MnO 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.09 0.10 Ga 22.1 21.4 20.2 19.75 20.8 Na2O 3.88 3.86 3.81 3.94 3.98 Sc 5.4 5.2 4.9 4.7 5.4 P2O5 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 Be 3.48 3.41 3.59 3.00 2.85 TiO2 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.31 0.30 Rb/Sr 0.55 0.56 0.48 0.72 0.70 FeO 1.60 1.58 1.73 1.82 1.99 Rb/Ba 0.28 0.28 0.33 0.33 0.35 烧失量 1.25 1.36 1.41 1.77 1.63 La 21.7 21.2 24.8 33.2 24.6 Na2O+K2O 7.89 7.86 7.17 7.67 7.81 Ce 47.2 47.4 53.7 70.5 52.5 Na2O/K2O 0.97 0.97 1.13 1.06 1.04 Pr 5.56 5.59 6.33 7.79 5.94 Mg# 32.49 33.12 33.47 32.42 31.31 Nd 21.1 21.3 22.5 29.2 22.5 σ 2.20 2.18 1.72 2.01 2.15 Sm 4.82 4.88 5.02 6.08 4.93 DI 85.07 85.04 85.57 86.71 86.29 Eu 0.67 0.72 0.60 0.65 0.67 A/NK 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.29 1.28 Gd 4.70 4.34 4.51 5.05 4.35 A/CNK 1.04 1.04 1.06 1.06 1.06 Tb 0.75 0.75 0.70 0.82 0.70 Sr 291 288 291 243 241 Dy 4.23 4.23 4.04 4.66 3.83 Rb 160 160 140 175 168 Ho 0.82 0.85 0.84 0.89 0.80 Ba 573 565 426 524 483 Er 2.42 2.42 2.32 2.49 2.26 Th 11.15 10.98 12.85 12.85 11.63 Tm 0.37 0.36 0.36 0.39 0.35 U 4.29 4.22 4.63 5.29 2.34 Yb 2.43 2.39 2.31 2.55 2.23 Cr 3.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 Lu 0.37 0.37 0.35 0.39 0.34 Ta 0.75 0.74 0.71 0.72 0.60 ΣLREE 101.1 101.1 113.0 147.4 111.1 Nb 9.80 9.70 9.30 9.50 9.30 ΣHREE 16.09 15.71 15.43 17.24 14.86 Zr 174 168 193 187 174 （La/Sm）N 2.83 2.73 3.11 3.43 3.14 Hf 5.0 4.9 5.8 5.3 5.0 （Gd/Yb）N 1.56 1.47 1.58 1.60 1.57 Cu 6.3 5.9 76.0 47.4 122.5 （La/Yb）N 6.02 5.98 7.23 8.78 7.44 Pb 20 19.8 96 155 276 δEu 0.43 0.47 0.38 0.35 0.43 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10−6 
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表 2 小大川铅锌铜矿床黑云母二长花岗岩LA−ICP−MS锆石U−Th−Pb数据
Table 2. LA−ICP−MS zircon U−Th−Pb geochronological data for the biotite monzogranite from the Xiaodachuan Pb−Zn−Cu deposit
测点号 Pb/10−6 Th/10−6 U/10−6 Th/U 207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U 比值 1σ 比值 1σ 比值 1σ 年龄/Ma 1σ 年龄/Ma 1σ XBC-7-02 82 678 2009 0.34 0.04913 0.00295 0.1458 0.0083 0.02138 0.00037 138.2 7.4 136.4 2.4 XBC-7-03 68 720 1153 0.62 0.04856 0.00532 0.1459 0.0170 0.02172 0.00075 138.3 15.1 138.5 4.7 XBC-7-04 28 268 658 0.41 0.04924 0.00354 0.1451 0.0095 0.02162 0.00049 137.6 8.4 137.9 3.1 XBC-7-05 84 836 1752 0.48 0.04899 0.00279 0.1453 0.0081 0.02146 0.00032 137.8 7.2 136.9 2.0 XBC-7-07 74 723 1125 0.64 0.04504 0.01004 0.1466 0.0317 0.02167 0.00068 138.9 28.1 138.2 4.3 XBC-7-08 89 897 1930 0.46 0.04864 0.00183 0.1403 0.0052 0.02090 0.00019 133.3 4.6 133.3 1.2 XBC-7-09 73 629 1665 0.38 0.04875 0.00345 0.1445 0.0102 0.02153 0.00038 137.1 9.1 137.3 2.4 XBC-7-10 81 830 1666 0.50 0.04867 0.00199 0.1453 0.0059 0.02160 0.00021 137.8 5.3 137.7 1.3 XBC-7-11 35 361 707 0.51 0.04869 0.00769 0.1385 0.0176 0.02122 0.00113 131.7 15.7 135.4 7.2 XBC-7-12 52 459 1211 0.38 0.04897 0.00220 0.1429 0.0062 0.02121 0.00025 135.6 5.5 135.3 1.6 XBC-7-13 65 669 1216 0.55 0.05105 0.00668 0.1438 0.0144 0.02140 0.00054 136.4 12.8 136.5 3.4 XBC-7-14 56 525 1214 0.43 0.04840 0.00200 0.1452 0.0064 0.02156 0.00022 137.6 5.6 137.5 1.4 XBC-7-15 28 246 484 0.51 0.04905 0.00341 0.1473 0.0100 0.02189 0.00047 139.5 8.9 139.6 3.0 XBC-7-17 51 522 1240 0.42 0.04937 0.00300 0.1418 0.0081 0.02101 0.00032 134.6 7.2 134.0 2.0 XBC-7-18 42 473 742 0.64 0.04899 0.00446 0.1460 0.0131 0.02178 0.00049 138.3 11.6 138.9 3.1 XBC-7-19 80 831 1614 0.52 0.04903 0.00198 0.1435 0.0055 0.02137 0.00024 136.2 4.9 136.3 1.5 XBC-7-21 58 534 1400 0.38 0.04858 0.00246 0.1435 0.0073 0.02134 0.00030 136.1 6.5 136.1 1.9 XBC-7-22 48 469 1009 0.46 0.04904 0.00270 0.1443 0.0075 0.02139 0.00036 136.9 6.6 136.4 2.2 XBC-7-23 96 1024 1738 0.59 0.04831 0.00246 0.1428 0.0069 0.02136 0.00026 135.6 6.2 136.2 1.6 XBC-7-24 98 1062 2034 0.52 0.04870 0.00293 0.1395 0.0080 0.02071 0.00029 132.6 7.1 132.1 1.8 XBC-7-25 28 229 743 0.31 0.04778 0.00645 0.1469 0.0210 0.02165 0.00035 139.2 18.6 138.1 2.2 XBC-7-26 57 568 1142 0.50 0.04732 0.00312 0.1391 0.0095 0.02077 0.00047 132.2 8.4 132.5 3.0 XBC-7-27 59 579 1253 0.46 0.04712 0.00297 0.1400 0.0089 0.02080 0.00043 133.1 7.9 132.7 2.7 XBC-7-28 38 387 741 0.52 0.04705 0.00418 0.1424 0.0120 0.02100 0.00047 135.2 10.7 134.0 3.0 XBC-7-29 59 594 1024 0.58 0.04710 0.00306 0.1436 0.0087 0.02134 0.00045 136.2 7.7 136.1 2.8 XBC-7-30 62 489 938 0.52 0.04574 0.00571 0.1443 0.0181 0.02124 0.00075 136.9 16.0 135.5 4.7 XBC-9-01 28 251 611 0.41 0.04675 0.00503 0.1401 0.0135 0.02087 0.00064 133.1 12.1 133.2 4.1 XBC-9-02 30 276 819 0.34 0.04731 0.00598 0.1450 0.0202 0.02148 0.00068 137.5 17.9 137.0 4.3 XBC-9-03 60 514 1681 0.31 0.04924 0.00508 0.1393 0.0111 0.02075 0.00047 132.4 9.9 132.4 3.0 XBC-9-05 25 206 735 0.28 0.04717 0.00706 0.1435 0.0227 0.02154 0.00048 136.2 20.2 137.4 3.0 XBC-9-06 58 583 1236 0.47 0.04858 0.00360 0.1434 0.0102 0.02130 0.00045 136.1 9.0 135.9 2.9 XBC-9-07 32 303 641 0.47 0.04977 0.00390 0.1437 0.0101 0.02132 0.00041 136.3 9.0 136.0 2.6 XBC-9-10 54 516 1402 0.37 0.04980 0.00506 0.1409 0.0128 0.02091 0.00027 133.8 11.4 133.4 1.7 XBC-9-11 38 343 906 0.38 0.04837 0.00263 0.1418 0.0088 0.02113 0.00031 134.7 7.8 134.8 2.0 XBC-9-12 40 410 831 0.49 0.04941 0.00403 0.1405 0.0105 0.02092 0.00039 133.5 9.3 133.5 2.5 XBC-9-13 54 450 1262 0.36 0.04985 0.00274 0.1444 0.0072 0.02133 0.00027 136.9 6.4 136.0 1.7 XBC-9-14 45 471 983 0.48 0.04838 0.00337 0.1427 0.0101 0.02128 0.00032 135.4 9.0 135.8 2.0 XBC-9-15 18 147 408 0.36 0.04977 0.00432 0.1431 0.0119 0.02132 0.00045 135.8 10.6 136.0 2.9 XBC-9-16 84 896 1531 0.59 0.04869 0.00205 0.1415 0.0058 0.02112 0.00025 134.3 5.2 134.7 1.6 XBC-9-17 48 423 1151 0.37 0.04935 0.00322 0.1406 0.0086 0.02088 0.00031 133.5 7.6 133.2 2.0 XBC-9-18 50 466 1166 0.40 0.04869 0.00286 0.1390 0.0076 0.02080 0.00030 132.2 6.8 132.7 1.9 XBC-9-19 91 855 2383 0.36 0.04946 0.00412 0.1429 0.0112 0.02118 0.00044 135.6 9.9 135.1 2.8 XBC-9-21 46 411 1059 0.39 0.04828 0.00355 0.1437 0.0108 0.02142 0.00034 136.4 9.6 136.6 2.1 XBC-9-22 65 593 1252 0.47 0.04895 0.00864 0.1418 0.0232 0.02110 0.00045 134.6 20.6 134.6 2.8 XBC-9-23 73 643 1807 0.36 0.04910 0.00322 0.1429 0.0087 0.02121 0.00029 135.6 7.7 135.3 1.8 XBC-9-24 60 550 1366 0.40 0.04892 0.00330 0.1431 0.0099 0.02121 0.00049 135.8 8.8 135.3 3.1 XBC-9-26 56 536 1117 0.48 0.04871 0.00180 0.1420 0.0052 0.02114 0.00023 134.8 4.6 134.8 1.4 XBC-9-27 57 513 1574 0.33 0.04888 0.00196 0.1407 0.0054 0.02098 0.00022 133.7 4.8 133.8 1.4 XBC-9-28 83 841 1728 0.49 0.04860 0.00167 0.1442 0.0051 0.02145 0.00023 136.8 4.5 136.8 1.5 XBC-9-30 44 431 918 0.47 0.04841 0.00462 0.1400 0.0129 0.02099 0.00064 133.0 11.5 133.9 4.1
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表 3 小大川铅锌铜矿黑云母二长花岗岩全岩Sr−Nd同位素分析结果
Table 3. Sr−Nd isotope analysis results of whole rock of biotite monzogranite from the Xiaodachuan Pb−Zn−Cu deposit
样号 Rb/10−6 Sr/10−6 87Rb/86Sr 87Sr/86Sr 2σ ISr（t） Sm/10−6 Nd/10−6 XBC-6 140 291 1.39311 0.708139 0.000022 0.70545 5.02 22.5 XBC-7 175 243 2.08536 0.709484 0.000022 0.70546 6.08 29.2 XBC-8 168 241 2.01856 0.709374 0.000021 0.70548 4.93 22.5 样号 147Sm/144Nd 143Nd/144Nd 2σ INd（t） εNd（t） fSm/Nd TDM/Ma T2DM/Ma XBC-6 0.13489 0.512494 0.000013 0.512374 −1.7 -0.31 1271 1071 XBC-7 0.12589 0.512558 0.000009 0.512446 −0.3 -0.36 1030 957 XBC-8 0.13247 0.512518 0.000008 0.512400 −1.2 −0.33 1188 1030
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表 4 小大川铅锌铜矿及邻区典型矿床成岩成矿年龄
Table 4. Ages of diagenesis and mineralization of typical deposits in Xiaodachuan Pb−Zn−Cu deposit and its adjacent areas
矿床名称 矿床类型 矿种 围岩锆石
U−Pb年龄矿化年龄 参考文献 双尖子山 热液脉型 铅−锌−银 花岗斑岩
135.2±1.4 Ma135.0±0.6 Ma
Re-Os年龄Zhai et al.，2020
王祥东，2017白音诺尔 矽卡岩型 铅−锌−银 长石斑岩
136±2 Ma138.8±0.9 Ma
Re-Os年龄Jiang et al.，2017 小井子 热液脉型 铜−铅−锌−银 黑云母二长花岗岩
136.2±1.1 Ma早白垩世 Mi et al.，2022 姚儿吐 热液脉型 铅−锌−银 二长花岗岩
137.1±0.4 Ma早白垩世 Mi et al.，2021 白音额勒布 热液脉型 银−铅−锌 花岗斑岩
141.6±1.6 Ma144.1±2.1 Ma 宋开瑞，2019 边家大院 斑岩-热液脉型 锡−银−铅−锌−铜 花岗斑岩
140.8±0.9 Ma
140.2±0.6 Ma140.0±1.7 Ma Re-Os年龄 Ruan et al.，2015
Zhai et al.，2017小大川 热液脉型 铜−铅−锌 黑云母二长花岗岩
135.9±0.8 Ma早白垩世 本文
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