The contrast and connection between the Ural orogenic belt and the western segment of the southern Tienshan orogenic belt
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摘要:
乌拉尔-南天山造山系是古亚洲洋构造域一个重要的构造单元。由于乌拉尔造山带与南天山造山带之间的大部分区域位于盆地的中—新生代盖层之下，缺乏地质露头证据的支持，使得学者们对于乌拉尔-南天山缝合带的具体位置仍有不同意见。本文介绍了乌拉尔造山带、南天山造山带和西西伯利亚盆地基底构造单元划分的基本情况和主要进展，通过航磁资料和矿产地质背景的制约，认为乌拉尔造山带中的瓦列良诺夫边缘火山岩带与南天山造山带北侧的贝尔套-库拉玛陆缘弧带性质类似，都是发育在晚古生代哈萨克斯坦古陆之上的岩浆弧带；提出南天山缝合带向西，经过“咸海断裂带”的转换，向北沿乌拉尔山东麓，即外乌拉尔构造带的西界断裂（卡尔塔利断裂），可追索到北纬60°左右，而主乌拉尔断裂仅是乌拉尔造山带内部的一条缝合带，不具备分隔东欧古陆和哈萨克斯坦古陆的地质意义。同时，瓦列良诺夫边缘火山岩带与贝尔套-库拉玛岩浆弧带的对比和连接具有重要的成矿意义。
Abstract:The Ural−Southern Tienshan orogenic system is an important tectonic unit of the Paleo−Asian tectonic domain. Because most of the area between the Ural orogenic belt and the South Tienshan orogenic belt lies under the Meso−Cenozoic cover of basin, the lack of outcrop evidence makes scholars have different opinions on the specific location of the Ural−South Tienshan suture belt. This paper introduces the basic situation and main progress in the division of tectonic units of the Urals orogenic belt, the South Tienshan Orogenic belt and the basement of the West Siberian basin. Based on the constraints of aeromagnetic data and mineral geological background, it is considered that the Valeranov marginal volcanic belt in the Ural orogenic belt is similar to the Beltao−Kurama marginal arc belt north to the Southern Tienshan orogenic belt, and both are magmatic arcs developed on the late Paleozoic Kazakhstan. It is suggested that the South Tienshan suture zone, through the transformation of the Aral Sea fault zone, can be traced to the north along the eastern foot of the Ural Mountains, that is, the western boundary fault of the TransUral tectonic belt (Kartaly fault), and can reach about 60° north latitude. However, the main Ural fault is only a suture zone within the Ural orogenic belt, and does not have the geological significance of separating the Eastern European ancient land and the Kazakhstan ancient land. At the same time, the Valeryanov−Belta−Kurama magmatic arc belt has rich mineral resources and important metallogenic significance.
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图 1 乌拉尔-南天山缝合带位置示意图（底图据Ren et al.，2013）
Figure 1.
图 3 天山造山系（境外）构造划分简图（a）、南天山造山带西段地质简图（b）和苏丹-乌维斯山脉地质简图（c）（据Dolgopolova et al., 2017）
Figure 3.
图 4 西西伯利亚盆地古生代基底单元划分简图（据Ivanov et al., 2013）
Figure 4.
图 5 乌拉尔-南天山造山系航磁异常图（a）（数据据National Geophysical Data Center, 1996）、乌拉尔-南天山造山系原始航磁异常图（b）（Makarova et al., 1974）、瓦列良诺夫边缘火山岩带与贝尔套-库拉玛陆缘弧带的磁异常解译图（c）（矿床数据来源Seltmann et al., 2001）和咸海断裂带部分的航磁异常放大图（d）
Figure 5.
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