Geology, mineralization and development of principal metal mineral resources in Guinea
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摘要:
几内亚大地构造位置处于西非克拉通南部，主要受Libérien、Eburnéen及泛非三次大的造山运动影响，主要的地质单元包括东部太古宙—古元古代马莱地盾、西部古生代博法(Bove)盆地和西南部泛非期Rokelide造山带。在广泛调研文献的基础上，着重介绍了几内亚铝土矿、铁、金等矿产资源的开发现状。结合区域地质背景和典型矿床分析，剖析了这3种优势金属矿产的成矿作用，认为几内亚超大规模的铝土矿资源是地质历史时期区域构造、成矿母岩、气候、地形地貌、水文地质等多种因素耦合作用的结果。几内亚拥有世界上规模最大的未开发BIF型铁矿资源，主要分布在几内亚东南部宁巴山和西芒杜2条绿岩带上，BIF型铁矿经历了太古宙至今漫长的沉积-变质/变形-风化富集作用。几内亚金矿以造山型金矿为主，形成于Eburnean造山运动晚期(2102~2085 Ma)，主要分布在北部锡几里盆地内，具有明显的构造和岩性控矿特征。
Abstract:Guinea is tectonically located in the southern part of the Western Africa Craton and was dominated by three tectonic events, including Libérien, Eburnéen and Pan-African event. Geologically, Guinea consisted of eastern Archean-Paleoproterozoic Man-Leo Shield, western Paleozoic Bove Basin and southwestern Rokelide Orogn. Based on the the widely reviewing of former studies, this paper especially presented the development situation bauxite, iron, and gold resources and, combined with the knowledge on the geological background and classical deposits, provided an insight into their mineralization. It was suggested that the super-scaled bauxite resources in Guinea is formed from the overlapping of several key factors, including regional tectonics, parent rock, climate, topography and hydrogeology. Guinea hosts the largest untapped iron mineral resources which is mainly distributed in the Nimba and Simandou greenstone belts in its southeast, and formed by long sedimentary-metamorphic/deformation-weathering process since Archean. Gold in Guinea is dominated by orogenic type and formed in late Eburnean orogenic event (2102~2085 Ma). Gold deposits are mainly distributed in Siguiri Basin and controlled by structure and lithology.
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Key words:
- Guinea /
- predominant metal resources /
- bauxite /
- gold /
- iron ore /
- Western Africa Craton /
- mineral exploration engineering
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表 1 几内亚优势金属矿产主要项目开发情况①②③[22-23]
Table 1. Development overview of predominant mineral resource projects in Guinea
矿种 矿区名称 权益归属 储量(资源量)/108 t 平均品位 发展阶段 2020年产量/104 t 铝土矿 桑加雷迪 CBG公司，由几内亚政府(49%)、力拓集团(23%)、美铝(14%)、澳大利亚氧化铝公司(9%)联合控股 74 46.5% 生产中 1650 博法 中铝(85%)、几内亚政府(15%) 18 39.1% 生产中 699 甸-甸 俄罗斯铝业(90%)、几内亚政府(10%) 6.9 — 生产中 307 瑞迪亚 俄罗斯铝业(100%) 3.2 — 生产中 140 贝拉 英国Alufer公司 1.5 44.4% 生产中 665 金迪亚 俄罗斯铝业(100%) 0.7 — 生产中 290 博凯 赢联盟(85%)、几内亚政府(15%) 6.2 ＞50% 生产中 3273 GAC 几内亚铝业公司(100%)(为必和必拓、全球氧化铝国际有限公司和阿联酋迪拜铝业公司三方控股公司) 5.3 37.7% 生产中 1007 勒鲁玛 澳大利亚Lindian资源(75%)、私人公司(25%) 9.0 45% 基础设施建设 高瓦 澳大利亚Lindian资源(75%)、几内亚铝土矿PTY公司(25%) 1.0 49.8% 勘查-可研 伯恩阿密 印度奋进矿业公司 1.9 基础设施建设 乌拉 澳大利亚Lindian资源(75%)、法国Entreprise Generale(25%) 0.6 38.7% 可研 铁矿 西芒杜1 & 2区块 赢联盟(85%)、几内亚政府(15%) ＞36 65% 基础设施建设 西芒杜3 & 4区块 力拓(45.1%)、中铝(39.9%)、几内亚政府(15%) 28 65.5% 基础设施建设 宁巴1 美国高能勘探公司(100%) 9.35 63.1% 勘查 宁巴2 英国联合成长集团(100%) 2.05 57.8% 可研 卡里亚 — 57 30.4% 已完成可研 佐高塔 英国尼龙金属公司(100%) — — 基础设施建设 金矿 高隆 南非盎格鲁阿善提公司 205.3 t — 生产中 7.2 t 勒法 英国Nord Gold公司 104.3 t — 生产中 5 t 
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① 几内亚矿业和地质部. 矿业数据年报. 2020.
② 力拓集团. 年度战略报告. 2020.
③ 盎格鲁阿善提公司. 年度运营报告. 2020.
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