Application of Superimposed Mineralization of Small Intrusions in the New Round of Prospecting Breakthrough Action: A Case Study of Mian-Lue-Ning Ore Concentration Area
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摘要:
小岩体成（大）矿理论是汤中立院士在多年找矿实践工作过程中总结出来的重要成果。该理论以岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床为研究起点，逐渐延伸至与中酸性岩浆活动有关的热液型矿床，发展成为基性–超基性与中酸性两类岩浆并行的完整成矿理论体系。研究发现，以勉–略–宁矿集区为代表的成矿区带分布有众多两类岩浆活动的叠加区，并且两类岩浆活动导致的叠加成矿作用在该区显著。其中，煎茶岭镍钴金多金属矿床形成过程经历了早期初步的超镁铁质岩浆熔离作用使成矿元素预富集，后期花岗斑岩岩浆流体成矿作用叠加之上，最终使钴镍矿和金矿均达到了大型规模。此外，该区在白雀寺基性杂岩体中新发现的何家垭镍钴矿同样具有两类岩浆叠加成矿的特征，这为小岩体成（大）矿理论提供了新的研究方向。目前，中国新一轮找矿突破战略行动已全面开启，以Ni、Co为代表的战略性关键金属矿产仍是本轮找矿工作的重中之重，两类岩浆的小岩体叠加成（大）矿作用是Ni、Co矿形成的重要地质过程。笔者通过介绍小岩体成（大）矿理论的发展过程，并以勉-略-宁矿集区为代表，提出了两类岩浆叠加成（大）矿作用的基本内涵。在此基础上，对其找矿应用和理论研究两方面做了展望，以期助力中国新一轮找矿突破战略行动。
Abstract:The theory of (large) ore deposit forming in the small intrusion is an important result of decades of prospecting practice by academician Tang Zhongli. The theory started from magmatic copper-nickel sulfide deposits, gradually extended to hydrothermal deposits associated with intermediate-acid magmatism, and developed into a complete metallogenic theoretical system of basic-ultra-basic and intermediate-acid magmatism in parallel. In recent years, it has been found that the metallogenic belt represented by the Mian-Luo-Ning ore concentration area is distributed in many superimposed areas of basic-ultra-basic and intermediate-acid magmatic activities, among which the formation process of the Jianchaling cobalt-nickel-gold polymetallic deposit experienced the preliminary ultramafic magmatic liquation in the earlier stage to achieve the pre-enrichment of ore-forming elements, and the later superimposed acid magmatic fluid on eventually led to both cobalt-nickel and gold mines reaching large scale. In recent years, the Hejiaya cobalt-nickel deposit was found in the Baiqisi basic complex also has the characteristics of superimposed mineralization of two kinds of magmatism, which provides a new research direction for the theory of (large) ore deposit forming in the small intrusion. At present, the new round of prospecting breakthrough action has been fully launched. The strategic key metal minerals represented by Co and Ni are still the top priority of the prospecting work. The superposition of small rock bodies is an important geological process in the formation of Co and Ni ores. In this paper, the development process of the theory of (large) ore deposit forming in the small intrusion is introduced, and the basic connotation of the superimposition of two kinds of magmas into (large) ore is put forward by taking the Mian-Lue-Ning ore concentration area as the representative. On this basis, the prospect of prospecting application and theoretical research is made, which is expected to support the new round of prospecting breakthrough action.
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表 1 两类岩浆的小岩体叠加成矿作用矿床地质特征
Table 1. Geological characteristics of superimposed mineralization by two types small intrusion
地质特征 矿 床 Bou Azzer钴矿 蕴都卡拉钴矿 煎茶岭镍钴矿床 何家垭镍钴矿床 赋矿围岩 蛇纹岩 镁铁-超镁铁岩 蛇纹石化超镁铁岩 镁铁-超镁铁岩 矿体产出位置 蛇纹岩和闪长岩/石英闪长岩接触带 闪长岩与玄武岩接触带 叶蛇纹岩与花岗斑岩外接触带 辉长岩与闪长岩接触带 矿体形态 脉状、透镜状 脉状、透镜状 脉状、透镜状 脉状、透镜状 围岩蚀变 硅化、黄铁矿化、砷黄铁矿化、磁黄铁矿化、绿泥石化、蛇纹石化、绿帘石化、碳酸盐化等 硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化、孔雀石化、绿帘石化、碳酸盐化等 硅化、黄铁矿化、磁黄
铁矿化、绿泥石化、
绢云母化、蛇纹石化、
绿帘石化、碳酸盐化等硅化、黄铁矿化、磁黄
铁矿化、绢云母化矿化类型 细脉状、网脉状、块状、稠密浸染状等 细脉状、网脉状、浸染状、薄膜状、块状等 脉状、细脉浸染状、
稠密浸染状、块状等脉状、网脉状、浸
染状、块状等成矿物质来源 蛇纹岩 镁铁-超镁铁岩 蛇纹石化超镁铁岩 镁铁-超镁铁岩 成矿元素组合 Co、Ni、As、
Cu、Cr、AuCo、Ni、Cu、
Mo、Cr、AuCo、Ni、As、
Cu、Cr、Ag、AuCo、Ni、Cu、
As、Cr注：表中资料引自文献（Slack et al.，2017；张华添等，2019；Tourneur et al.，2021；Hajjar et al.，2021，2022；张小明等，2022；Williams-Jones et al.，2022；张照伟等，2023） 
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