Evolution and Genetic Pattern of Groundwater Flow Field in the Aksu River Basin of Xinjiang Over the Past 40 Years
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摘要:
西北干旱内陆河流域经历了水土资源的大规模开发，对区域地下水和生态环境产生重要影响，但地下水长期演化机制认识尚不够清晰。本研究以新疆阿克苏河流域为典型区，通过最新地下水位数据和历史数据对比，分析流域地下水流场和埋深时空变化历史过程、特征及成因模式，探讨该区地下水长期演化与土地利用变化之间的关系，揭示人类活动影响下的地下水演化机制。结果表明：1979年以来，随着耕地面积增加，区域地下水流场经历了近天然状态到人类活动强烈影响的历史过程，潜水位和承压水头均有不同程度下降，局部地区承压水流向以及与潜水的补排关系发生改变。承压水主要依靠侧向径流补给，但人工开采强度远远大于侧向补给量，导致承压水头明显下降。以研究区中部英艾日克乡–喀拉塔勒镇一线为界，北部地区潜水水位和承压水水头降幅均大于南部地区，原因在于土地利用变化造成地下水补排条件发生改变，北部地区潜水水质较好，被大量开采用于农业灌溉，而南部因地下水质较差，以引用地表水灌溉为主，地下水开采强度较低，因此南部地下水下降不如北部地区明显。研究成果可为新疆阿克苏河流域及类似地区地下水的可持续开发利用与生态保护提供科学依据。
Abstract:The arid inland river basin in the northwest has undergone large-scale exploitation of soil and water resources, which has had a significant impact on regional groundwater and ecological environment. However, the long-term evolution mechanism of groundwater remains unclear. This study takes the Aksu River Basin in Xinjiang as a typical area. By comparing the latest groundwater monitoring data with historical data, the historical process, characteristics, and genetic pattern of the spatiotemporal changes in groundwater flow field and burial depth in the basin are analyzed. The relationship between the long-term evolution of groundwater in the area and land use changes is explored, and the mechanism of groundwater evolution under the influence of human activities is revealed. The results indicate that since 1979, with the increase of farmland area, the regional groundwater flow field has experienced a historical process from a nearly natural state to a strong impact of human activities. Groundwater have decreased to varying degrees, and the direction of groundwater flow in local areas and the replenishment and discharge relationship with the groundwater have changed. Groundwater mainly relies on lateral runoff supply, but the intensity of manual mining is much greater than that of lateral supply, resulting in a significant decrease in groundwater table. Taking the line from Yingairike Township to Karatale Township in the central part of the research area as the boundary, the decrease in the groundwater table in the northern region was greater than that in the southern region, because land use change causes the change of groundwater recharge and discharge conditions. The groundwater quality in the northern region is good, and it is exploited in large quantities for agricultural irrigation, while in the southern region, surface water is mainly used for irrigation due to poor groundwater quality. The intensity of groundwater extraction is low, so the decline of groundwater in the south is not as obvious as that in the north. The research results can provide scientific basis for sustainable exploitation and ecological protection of groundwater in Aksu river basin and similar areas in Xinjiang.
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