Semi-quantitative Analysis of Magnetite and Fluorite by X-ray Powder Crystal Diffraction and Three-dimensional Distribution Model of Minerals in Bayan Obo Mining Area
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摘要:
白云鄂博超大型铁-稀土-铌矿床，伴生大量萤石等资源。现阶段，矿山资源评价采用的是多元素定量分析方法，该方法存在不能客观的表征出可用资源的矿物组成和赋存状态的缺陷。为了较为准确地确定元素赋存形式及磁铁矿、萤石矿物含量，本研究选用粉晶X射线衍射K值法定量分析法，通过以白云鄂博白云石为参比物质分别调配1∶1比例产自白云鄂博的磁铁矿、萤石与白云石单矿物样品，获得以白云石为参比的磁铁矿参比强度KFe3O41 = 0.61、萤石参比强度KCaF21 = 2.51，同时，精选了白云鄂博其他常见共生矿物的K值，以实现对白云鄂博不同矿石类型中矿物含量的半定量分析，通过测试已知标样验证了改进优化K值的正确性和适用性。利用大量实际岩心矿石样品矿物定量分析数据，通过克里金插值法获得白云鄂博主矿磁铁矿和萤石矿物的空间分布三维模型，初步呈现了资源矿物的空间分布特征，推测在矿区深部仍存在巨大的找矿潜力。X射线粉晶衍射定量分析技术直接对可回收资源的矿物半定量分析研究，为矿山精准分采和资源综合利用探索了新的解决思路，也为选矿流程的优化提供的重要的技术参考。
Abstract:Bayan obo super large Fe-RE-Nb deposit, associated with a large amount of fluorite and other resources. At present, the multi-element quantitative analysis method is used in the evaluation of mine resources, which can not objectively characterize the mineral composition and occurrence state of available resources. In order to determine the occurrence form of elements and the content of magnetite and fluorite minerals more accurately, this study uses the powder crystal X-ray diffraction K-value method for quantitative analysis, and uses dolomite as the reference material to prepare 1∶1 proportion of single mineral samples of magnetite, fluorite and dolomite produced in Bayan Obo, the reference intensity of magnetite with dolomite as the reference is KFe3O4 = 0.61, and the reference intensity of fluorite is KCaF2 = 2.51. At the same time, the K value of other common co-minerals in Bayan Obo is selected. In order to realize the semi-quantitative analysis of the mineral content in different ore types of Bayan Obo, the correctness and applicability of the improved optimization K are verified by testing the known standard samples. Based on the quantitative analysis data of a large number of actual core ore samples, a three-dimensional model of spatial distribution of magnetite and fluorite minerals in Bayan Obo main mine was obtained by Kriegin interpolation method, and the spatial distribution characteristics of resource minerals were preliminarily presented. It is speculated that there is still a huge prospecting potential in the deep part of the mine area. X-ray powder diffraction quantitative analysis technology can directly study the semi-quantitative analysis of minerals in recoverable resources, which explores a new solution for precise mining and comprehensive utilization of resources, and also provides an important technical reference for the optimization of mineral processing process.
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Key words:
- Bayan Obo /
- magnetite /
- fluorite /
- powder X-ray diffraction /
- mineral compositions /
- semi-quantitative analysis
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表 1 代表矿石类型样品中典型矿物种类
Table 1. Typical mineral species represented in samples of different ore types
勘探
线号钻孔号 样品原
始编号标高（m） 主要矿物种类（%）* 矿石类型 3副 3F-6 45 1339 磁铁矿（9.98 51.81）、霓石（61.13 26.93）、萤石（6.59 6.85）、白云石（12.63 8.16）、方铅矿（9.98 6.25） 霓石型磁铁矿矿石 4 4-4 50 1364 磁铁矿（17.66 57.80）、萤石（34.81 22.83）、白云石（9.83 4.00）、
重晶石（37.66 15.35）萤石型磁铁矿矿石 8 8-6 106 1210 磁铁矿（3.80 22.86）、萤石（11.33 13.65）、白云石（81.06 60.66）、重晶石（3.79 2.84） 白云石型磁铁矿矿石 9 9-5 30 1397 磁铁矿（18.89 62.08）、萤石（19.02 12.52）、白云石（15.26 6.24）、重晶石（46.84 19.16）、霓石、氟碳铈矿、独居石 萤石型磁铁矿矿石 8 8-7 23 1416 萤石（36.04 30.33）、磁铁矿（7.29 35.4）、赤铁矿（19.46 11.77）、
白云石（16.79 10.15）、重晶石（13.04 7.89）、石英（7.38 4.46）萤石型磁（赤）铁矿矿石 8 8-01 237 912 磁铁矿（7.28 38.08）、白云石（77.47 50.46）、萤石（3.8 3.98）、
重晶石（11.84 7.48）白云石型磁铁矿矿石 8 8-01 141 1157 磁铁矿（1.79 11.53）、云母（24.8 19.9）、萤石（11.42 18.8）、
白云石（5.78 4.64）、长石（56.24 45.13）云母型磁铁矿矿石 8 8-01 212 977 磁铁矿（21.65 54.73）、钠闪石（28.45 13.21）、萤石（21.78 19.01）、云母（24.38 11.32）、白云石（3.71 1.72） 萤石石型磁铁矿矿石 8 8-6 55 1348 磁铁矿（44.16 70.63）、钠闪石（15.18 4.46）、白云石（4.4 1.29）、
长石（5.51 1.62）、萤石（9.44 15.76）、云母（21.22 6.23）萤石石型磁铁矿矿石 8副 8F-12 110 1218 磁铁矿（56.19 72.98）、萤石（22.3 21.88）、白云石（8.43 2.01）、
云母（4.70 1.12）、钠闪石（8.37 2.00）萤石型磁铁矿矿石 9副 9F-12 120 1193 磁铁矿（11.27 47.92）、钠闪石（42.82 24.84）、萤石（1.72 1.61）、
云母（15.34 8.9）、白云石（4.04 2.34）、重晶石（24.81 14.39）钠闪石型磁铁矿矿石 13 WK13-01 10 1521 磁铁矿（16.47 43.27）、钠闪石（8.09 3.90）、萤石（33.09 32.39）、
白云石（25.33 12.22）、黄铁矿（13.78 6.65）、云母（3.24 1.56）萤石石型磁铁矿矿石 注:*未加粗的数值代表使用相关文献中的萤石与磁铁矿K值进行矿物含量半定量计算，而加粗显示的数值则基于本研究所获得的K值测定。鉴于目前尚未获取适宜于稀土矿物的K值，这些矿物未被纳入本研究的定量分析范畴。因此，含有稀土矿物的样品所得到的矿物半定量分析结果，实为除稀土矿物外其他组分的归一化结果。 
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表 2 适用于白云鄂博矿区常见矿物的K值参数
Table 2. Selection parameters of different minerals’ K-values in Bayan Obo district
矿物种类 hkl 2θ （°） D（nm） K 值 来源 白云石 104 30.95 0.2886 2.64 SY/T 5163-2010 萤石 111 28.28 0.3150 2.51 本次实测 磁铁矿 113 35.44 0.2530 0.61 本次实测 石英 100 20.86 0.4255 0.91 SY/T 5163-2010 方解石 104 29.42 0.3034 2.86 SY/T 5163-2010 铁白云石 104 30.84 0.2894 2.60 SY/T 5163-2010 重晶石 211 31.56 0.2833 0.87 SY/T 5163-2010 黄铁矿 200 33.00 0.2712 2.06 SY/T 5163-2010 方铅矿 200 30.09 0.2968 4.95 PDF 65-0241 赤铁矿 104 33.09 0.7000 2.40 PDF 33-0664 霓（辉）石 −221 31.02 0.2985 0.80 PDF 41-1370 闪石（族） 110 — 0.82-0.85 1.36 PDF 89-7282 云母（族） 001 — 0.98-1.00 3.4 PDF 42-1437 长石（族） — — 0.32-0.33 1.22 俞旭等，1984 注：SY/T5163-2010来源中华人民共和国行业标准；PDF卡片来源为粉晶衍射数据库（ICDD）；2θ （°） 角度对应Cu靶数据。
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