Analysis of Land Use Change and Habitat Quality Evolution Based on InVEST and PLUS Models: Example from Hanzhong Basin
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摘要:
汉中盆地是中国南水北调工程中的重要源头区，分析区内土地利用及生境质量，能提高对该地区演变规律的认识，进一步保护下游研究区的自然资源和生态环境安全。笔者基于2000~2020年20年内共3期土地利用数据，建立了研究区多类型土地利用数据库和生境质量评估体系，从土地利用转移矩阵、景观格局指数、生境质量等多个方面对研究区内的土地利用的时空变化进行研究，并利用PLUS模型进行土地利用扩张和预测分析。结果表明：2000~2020年，土地利用类型变化较大，变化转移主要发生在水田和农村居民点用地、城镇用地之间；蔓延度指数逐年减少，景观破碎化程度较高；生境质量结果呈逐年下降趋势，高值面积减少并向南部扩展，低值面积增多并以城镇为中心向外辐射扩散，高等级的生态质量景观由水域和林草为主，主要沿汉江流域分布。
Abstract:Hanzhong Basin is an important source area in China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Analyzing land use and habitat quality within the region can enhance our understanding of its evolutionary patterns and further protect the natural resources and ecological environment security of the downstream working areas. This paper establishes a multi-type land use database and a habitat quality assessment system for the working area based on three periods of land use data from 2000 to 2020. It studies the spatiotemporal changes of land use in the research area from multiple aspects including land use transition matrix, landscape pattern indices, and habitat quality, and uses the PLUS model for land use expansion and prediction analysis. The results show that from 2000 to 2020, there were significant changes in land use types, mainly transfers between paddy fields, rural residential land, and urban land. The sprawl index decreased year by year, indicating a high degree of landscape fragmentation. Habitat quality results showed a downward trend year by year, with the area of high values decreasing and expanding southward, and the area of low values increasing, radiating outward from urban centers. High-grade ecological quality landscapes, dominated by water bodies and forests and grasslands, are mainly distributed along the Han river basin.
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Key words:
- InVEST model /
- PLUS model /
- land use /
- transfer matrix /
- landscape pattern /
- simulated prediction
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表 1 驱动因子信息表
Table 1. Driver information table
类型 数据 数据来源 社会经济数据 人口 https://www.resdc.cn/Default.aspx GDP 到一级道路距离 Openstreetmap（ https://github.com/openstreetmap ）到二级道路距离 到三级道路距离 到铁路距离 到政府距离 气候与环境数据 土壤类型 HWSDv1.2（ https://www.fao.org/soils-portal/en/ ）年平均温度 WorldClim v2.0（ https://www.fao.org/soils-portal/en/ ）年平均降水量 高程 NASA SRTM1 v3.0 坡度 到水域距离 （ https://github.com/openstreetmap ）
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表 2 威胁因子信息表
Table 2. Threat factor information table
威胁因子 最大影响距离（km） 权重 衰减类型 耕地 1 0.2 线性衰退 水域 1 0.2 线性衰退 建设类用地 5 0.5 指数衰退 农村居民点 6 0.7 指数衰退 城镇用地 10 1 指数衰退
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表 3 威胁因子敏感度
Table 3. Threat factor sensitivity
土地利用类型 生境适宜度 威胁因子 耕地 水域 建设类用地 农村居民点 城镇用地 耕地 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 林地 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.8 草地 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.4 水域 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 城乡工矿居民 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 未利用土地 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3
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表 4 汉中盆地景观类型水平
Table 4. Landscape type level of Hanzhong basin
类型 2000年 2010年 2020年 PLAND LPI TE ED PLAND LPI TE ED PLAND LPI TE ED 水田 71.28 39.4 5320878.1 31.79 68.07 32.80 5576238.6 33.31 66.03 24.3 5963113.8 35.63 旱地 5.05 1.36 610927.42 3.65 5.18 1.39 646091.46 3.86 5.16 1.35 675959.51 4.04 有林地 0.14 0.02 48228.74 0.29 0.13 0.02 45581.76 0.27 0.13 0.02 45701.71 0.27 灌木林 0.05 0.03 12057.19 0.07 0.05 0.02 13194.72 0.08 0.04 0.02 11995.20 0.07 疏林地 0.76 0.03 271406.66 1.62 0.76 0.03 276039.54 1.65 0.76 0.03 275679.68 1.65 其他林地 0.89 0.04 289552.42 1.73 1.02 0.06 312325.02 1.87 1.01 0.06 317812.82 1.90 高覆盖度草地 0.06 0.03 19345.49 0.12 0.07 0.03 22790.88 0.14 0.08 0.03 26629.34 0.16 中覆盖度草地 9.12 0.17 3140447.0 18.76 8.53 0.17 3031306.9 18.1 8.89 0.17 3139263.7 18.76 低覆盖度草地 0.00 0.00 1439.66 0.01 0.00 0.00 1379.45 0.01 0.00 0.00 1319.47 0.01 河渠 1.22 0.99 333072.27 1.99 0.86 0.14 243802.44 1.46 1.27 1.01 294332.22 1.76 湖泊 0.69 0.08 254730.55 1.52 0.65 0.03 244462.18 1.46 0.65 0.03 243622.51 1.46 水库坑塘 0.27 0.05 68773.95 0.41 0.59 0.25 156447.40 0.93 0.61 0.26 159386.22 0.95 滩地 3.04 0.61 535225.09 3.20 3.18 0.71 549859.97 3.29 2.78 0.64 509915.95 3.05 城镇用地 0.78 0.30 55217.11 0.33 1.90 0.75 126849.24 0.76 2.29 0.76 167183.10 1.00 农村居民点 6.51 0.06 1590768.7 9.50 8.69 0.28 1959835.7 11.71 8.73 0.20 1945261.5 11.62 其他建设用地 0.10 0.06 14756.56 0.09 0.28 0.09 51969.20 0.31 1.51 0.10 520801.60 3.11 沼泽 0.03 0.02 5398.74 0.03 0.02 0.02 5457.82 0.03 0.02 0.02 5457.82 0.03 裸土地 − − − − 0.01 0.00 2938.82 0.02 0.04 0.01 18112.75 0.11
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表 5 汉中盆地景观水平
Table 5. Landscape type level of Hanzhong basin
年份（a） CA LPI TE ED CONTAG SHDI SHEI 2000 167379.642 39.486 6286112.898 37.556 75.089 1.143 0.403 2010 167379.866 32.804 6683185.656 39.928 73.938 1.247 0.432 2020 167379.866 24.304 7210674.576 43.080 72.106 1.330 0.460
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