Sr-Nd-Pb-S Isotopic Characteristics and Its Geological Significance of the Yueyawan Cu-Ni Sulfide Deposit in East Tianshan, Xinjiang
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摘要:
新疆东天山地区是中国重要的铜镍成矿带，但其含矿岩体的岩浆起源和硫饱和机制存在较大争议，大南湖岛弧带内新发现的月牙湾铜镍硫化物为厘清这些争议提供了新的窗口。月牙湾岩体是多期次岩浆侵位形成的复式岩体，第一期岩浆作用形成辉长岩、橄长岩和橄榄辉长岩，第二期岩浆作用形成基性程度更高的暗色细粒橄榄辉长岩和暗色细粒橄长岩，是主要的赋矿岩相。岩石具有低（87Sr/86Sr）i（
0.7033 ～0.70348 ），高εNd（t）（6.54～8.35）和Pb同位素比值较低（（206Pb/204Pb）i=17.828～18.014，（207Pb/204Pb）i=15.446～15.478，（208Pb/204Pb）i=37.495～37.698）的特征，指示月牙湾岩体的形成与塔里木大火成岩省并无直接联系，而是源自亏损地幔，并且受到俯冲物质的交代。硫化物原位δ34S为0.03‰～4.09‰，与卡拉塔格地区石炭纪—二叠纪围岩地层δ34S范围一致，表明在成矿过程中有地壳硫的加入。大南湖岛弧带的镁铁–超镁铁质岩体与康古尔剪切带和中天山地块中的镁铁–超镁铁质岩体具有相似的成岩时代和地球化学特征，剥蚀程度较浅，说明大南湖岛弧带具有较好的铜镍成矿潜力。Abstract:The East Tianshan orogenic belt is an important Cu-Ni sulfide mineralization belt in China. However, the mantle source and sulfur saturation mechanism are still controversial. The newly discovered Yuyawan Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in the Dananhu arc provides a new target for these issues. The Yueyawan intrusion formed by two intrusive phases: the phase I is composed of gabbro, troctolite and olivine gabbro, and the phase II is composed of fine-grained olivine gabbro and fine-grained troctolite. The phase II rocks primarily contained sulfides. The rocks have low (87Sr/86Sr)i (
0.7033 ～0.70348 ), high εNd(t) (6.54～8.35) and low Pb isotopic ratios ((206Pb/204Pb)i=17.828～18.014, (207Pb/204Pb)i=15.446～15.478, (208Pb/204Pb)i=37.495～37.698), indicating that the Yueyawan intrusion is not directly related to the Tarim Large Igneous Province, but originated from the depleted mantle and was replaced by subduction materials. The δ34S of sulfide ranges from 0.03‰ to 4.09‰, which is consistent with the δ34S of Carboniferous and Permian strata in Karatag area, indicating the addition of sulfur in the crust during the mineralization process. The mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the Dananhu arc have similar emplacement age and geochemical characteristics to those in Kangur shear belt and Middle Tianshan block, together with the denudation is relatively weak, which indicates that the Dananhu arc is an essential prospecting target for Cu-Ni mineralization in East Tianshan. -
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图 2 卡拉塔格地质图（a）（据Deng et al., 2016修）、月牙湾岩体地质图（b） 、 剖面图（c）和ZK402柱状图（d） （据Zhou et al., 2021修）
Figure 2.
图 6 东天山二叠纪镁铁–超镁铁质岩石Nb-Nb/U （a）（据Chung et al., 2001）和La/Nb-La/Ba （b）（据Fitton et al., 1991）图解
Figure 6.
表 1 月牙湾岩体Sr, Nd, Pb同位素数据表
Table 1. Sr, Nd, Pb isotope data of the Yueyawan intrusion
岩石名称 辉长岩 橄长岩 橄榄辉长岩 样号 YYW7710-7 Y401-1 Y401-6 Y401-13 Y401-14 Y401-20 Rb （10−6） 2.95 2.28 2.9 1.62 2.29 1.49 Sr （10−6） 771 475 487 319 437 520 87Rb/86Sr 0.01108 0.01390 0.01724 0.01470 0.01517 0.00830 87Sr/86Sr 0.70346 0.703429 0.703412 0.703537 0.703428 0.703336 （87Sr/86Sr）i 0.70342 0.70337 0.70334 0.70348 0.70337 0.7033 Nd （10−6） 6.9 7.57 9.18 2.68 8.83 6.89 Sm （10−6） 1.71 1.89 2.49 0.622 2.25 1.67 147Sm/144Nd 0.14983 0.15094 0.16398 0.14031 0.15405 0.14653 143Nd/144Nd 0.512944 0.512962 0.512985 0.512869 0.512987 0.512951 （143Nd/144Nd）i 0.512668 0.512684 0.512683 0.512611 0.512704 0.512682 εNd（t） 7.65 7.96 7.94 6.54 8.35 7.92 Th （10−6） 0.29 0.18 0.19 0.15 0.20 0.23 U （10−6） 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 Pb （10−6） 11.2 4.17 4.03 4.23 1.37 2.37 （206Pb/204Pb）i 18.0135 17.9321 17.8593 17.8278 17.8438 17.8551 （207Pb/204Pb）i 15.4780 15.4659 15.4623 15.4557 15.4460 15.4547 （208Pb/204Pb）i 37.6983 37.6149 37.5543 37.5231 37.4947 37.5219 注：Rb、Sr、Sm、Nd同位素计算参数：λ（Sr）=1.42×10−11 a−1，λ（Nd）=0.654×10−11 a−1，（87Sr/86Sr）CHUR= 0.7045 ，（143Nd/144Nd）CHUR=0.512638 ; Pb初始同位素计算参数：λ1=1.55125 ×10−11 a−1，λ2=9.8485 ×10−11 a−1，λ3=0.49475 ×10−11 a−1，t=283.4 Ma。
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表 2 月牙湾矿床矿石硫化物S同位素组成
Table 2. S isotope compositions of the sulfides in Yueyawan intrusion
序号 样品号 测试矿物 δ34S（VCDT） 1 402-24-1po-1 磁黄铁矿 2.82 2 402-24-2po-1 磁黄铁矿 2.73 3 402-24-3-po-1 磁黄铁矿 2.01 4 402-24-3pn-1 镍黄铁矿 2.12 5 402-40-3pn-1 镍黄铁矿 0.03 6 y1-10-2po-1 磁黄铁矿 4.09 7 402-40-2cp-1 黄铜矿 2.30 8 402-24-2cp-1 黄铜矿 1.65
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表 3 东天山二叠纪铜镍硫化物矿床特征表
Table 3. Main features of the major Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in the Eastern Tianshan
矿床 岩体面
积（km2）岩体
形态赋矿岩
石组合成矿年
龄（Ma）岩石SiO2
含量（%）岩石
Mg#（%）微量元素 δ34S（‰） εNd（t） 参考文献 大南湖岛弧带 月牙湾 0.53 新月状 橄榄辉长岩–橄长岩 283.4±2.0 33.04～50.26 43～83 富集Rb、Ba、Sr、K，亏损Th、Nb、Ta、Ti 0.03～4.09 6.54～8.35 本文; Sun et al., 2019; Zhou et al. 2021 白鑫滩 2.1 葫芦状 橄榄辉长岩–辉石橄榄岩 277.9±2.6 40.86～49.56 73～81 富集Rb, Th, U, La; 亏损Nb、Ta、Ti −0.13～0.9 4.2～6.5 王亚磊等，2015; Feng et al., 2018; Deng et al., 2020 康古尔剪切带 黄山 1.71 镰刀状 辉长岩–二辉橄榄岩 283.8±3.4 36.61～52.58 60～86 富集Rb、Ba、Sr; 亏损Nb、Ta、Ti −1.8～0.86 5.83～7.46 邓宇峰等，2012; Deng et al., 2015 黄山东 2.8 菱形 二辉橄榄岩–橄榄辉长岩 282±20 36.1～50.5 44～77 富集Rb、Ba、Th、U 相; 亏损Nb、Ta、Ti −0.79～2.78 6.6～10.5 夏明哲等，2009；邓宇峰等，2011；Deng et al., 2014 图拉尔根 ＜0.01 脉状 二辉岩–二辉橄榄岩 300.5±3.2 24.36～47.8 51～83 富集Rb, Ba、Th; 亏损Nb, Ta −1.3～3.8 3.22～7.17 焦建刚等，2012；Xue et al., 2022 葫芦 0.75 葫芦形 橄榄岩–辉石岩–辉橄岩 283±13 29.67～56.14 42～87 富集Th、U; 亏损Nb、Ta、Ti 1.46～4.87 6.5～7.1 Han et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2016 香山西 1.6 菱形 辉长岩–辉石岩–橄榄岩 283±3 39.3～53.4 38～81 富集Th、U; 亏损Nb、Ta、Ti −0.84～2.4 5.9～6.7 Han et al., 2010；Shi et al., 2018 土墩 0.8 椭圆形 二辉橄榄岩 298.4±0.9 37.02～48.96 26～84 富集K、Sr、Ba、U; 亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P −0.6～0.7 陈继平等，2016 中天山地块 白石泉 0.8 不规
则状橄榄岩–橄榄辉石岩 284±8 37.89～51.52 41～83 富集La，U，Zr；亏损Nb，Ta，Ti 1.4～5.4 1.67～7.61 Chai et al., 2008, 陈斌等，2013 天宇 0.056 脉状 橄榄岩–橄榄辉石岩 290.2±3.4 35.89～53.52 33～81 富集Rb、Ba、Th、U；亏损Nb，Ta，Zr 5.1～8.2 −0.7～5.7 唐冬梅等，2009
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