Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Basic-Ultrabasic Rocks and the Resource Potential of Cu-Ni Sulfide Deposit in Gansu Province, China
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摘要:
岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床是西北地区主要的铜镍矿床类型。近年来,甘肃省地矿局在北山、阿尔金山、祁连山等地区针对铜镍硫化物矿床开展了找矿勘查,并取得了一定进展,其成果受到行业高度关注。笔者系统总结了甘肃重要铜镍硫化物矿床研究新进展和红川、大敖包沟等铜镍硫化物矿床找矿亮点,系统梳理和总结了甘肃省基性–超基性岩体(群)时空分布、岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿成矿地质条件、主要矿床类型和典型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床特征,分析了甘肃省岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床的找矿潜力,划分了找矿远景区,圈定了找矿靶区,提出了找矿方向,为找矿勘查实践和理论研究提供了依据。
Abstract:Magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide are the main type of deposits in northwest China. Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration & Development has made some progress in the prospecting and exploration of Ni-Cu sulfide deposits in Beishan, Altun mountain, Qilian mountain and other areas in recent years, and its exploration and research achievements have been highly concerned by the industry. This paper systematically summarizes the new progress in the research of important Ni-Cu sulfide deposits in Gansu Province and the new breakthroughs in the prospecting of copper-nickel sulfide deposits such as Hongchuan and Da'aobaogou. The spatial and temporal distribution of mafic-ultramafic rock bodies (groups) in Gansu Province, the metallogenic geological conditions of magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits, the main types of deposits and the characteristics of typical magmatic copper-nickel sulfide deposits are systematically sorted out and summarized. It analyzes the prospecting potential of magmatic copper-nickel sulfide deposits in Gansu Province and predicts prospective areas and important mineralized belts for prospecting. The prospecting direction is proposed, which provides important theoretical guidance for prospecting practice and theoretical research.
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图 6 北山地区基性–超基性岩与铜镍矿分布图(据卜鹏等,2018 修改)
Figure 6.
表 1 龙首山超基性岩岩石化学成分及参数表
Table 1. Chemical composition and parameters of ultrabasic rocks in Longshou Mountain
样号 岩石名称 产地 氧化物含量(%) 特征参数 SiO2 MgO Al2O3 Fe2O3 FeO CaO K2O Na2O TiO2 MnO P2O5 LOI 总和 A.R MF FL SI σ A/CNK R1 R2 LZK265-13 二辉橄
榄岩金川 38.38 27.81 2.20 16.17 − 3.93 0.22 0.3 0.22 0.13 0.03 8.86 89.39 1.19 98.66 11.68 1.30 0.06 0.49 1305.30 474.90 LZK265-17 二辉岩 42.24 25.63 5.56 14.59 − 4.60 0.52 0.77 0.37 0.18 0.05 4.50 94.50 1.25 96.56 19.85 3.20 1.70 0.97 1493.20 627.50 L05U-01 二辉橄
榄岩37.25 30.56 2.71 11.99 − 2.91 0.68 0.06 0.22 0.17 0.03 12.17 86.58 1.10 94.63 8.78 5.25 0.01 0.85 1322.00 398.28 L07U-16 橄榄岩 36.22 32.29 2.31 16.21 − 1.05 0.23 0.07 0.26 0.16 0.04 9.64 88.84 1.22 98.60 23.86 1.37 0.02 1.67 1087.80 169.38 L24U-04 橄榄辉
石岩38.88 29.72 2.84 13.40 − 3.74 0.12 0.12 0.27 0.12 0.03 9.39 89.24 1.13 99.11 9.45 0.86 0.04 0.69 1384.40 461.57 LB(05)-1 橄榄岩 36.95 33.59 3.42 12.47 − 2.76 0.83 0.21 0.27 0.13 0.04 8.77 90.68 1.17 93.76 14.80 6.02 0.04 1.06 1161.30 404.05 R32B-11 含辉橄
榄岩34.92 36.98 1.42 13.96 − 0.29 0.09 0.04 0.14 0.16 0.03 11.90 88.03 1.24 99.36 38.10 0.63 0.00 3.00 989.82 63.53 R32B-12 方辉橄
榄岩35.77 35.00 1.44 14.44 − 0.20 0.11 0.04 0.19 0.18 0.04 12.67 87.41 1.33 99.24 53.19 0.74 0.01 3.32 1066.20 55.261 Y22U-06 含长二
辉橄
榄岩36.29 30.24 3.45 17.18 − 2.17 0.29 0.48 0.28 0.16 0.04 8.14 90.59 1.31 98.34 25.92 1.59 0.09 1.18 1016.70 314.50 Y13U-05 单辉橄
榄岩36.42 29.27 3.77 16.68 − 2.29 0.12 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.03 9.15 89.05 1.11 99.27 12.26 0.70 0.02 1.45 1180.70 324.97 mcq-15 蚀变辉
石岩43.48 24.83 6.09 4.70 6.05 5.56 0.01 0.21 0.57 0.13 0.27 7.50 91.90 1.14 99.91 12.30 0.09 1.27 0.96 1735.10 714.82 mcq-2 蚀变橄
榄辉
石岩47.42 24.20 7.63 2.28 8.52 5.88 0.17 0.58 0.37 0.16 0.04 1.37 97.25 1.15 98.45 13.91 1.43 0.20 1.12 1989.60 787.20 表 2 龙首山超基性岩稀土元素含量及各类参数
Table 2. Rare earth element content and various parameters of ultrabasic rocks in Longshou Mountain
样号 岩石名称 产地 元素含量(10−6) 特征参数 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu ΣREE ΣLREE ΣHREE LREE/
HREEδEu δCe (La/Yb)N (La/Sm)N (Ce/Yb)N LZK265-13 二辉橄榄岩 金川 1.87 4.44 0.59 2.55 0.69 0.22 0.67 0.12 0.7 0.14 0.41 0.06 0.37 0.06 12.89 10.36 2.53 4.09 0.99 1.04 3.41 1.34 4.10 LZK265-17 二辉岩 8.17 14.1 1.74 6.71 1.49 0.47 1.4 0.23 1.34 0.27 0.78 0.1 0.69 0.1 37.59 32.68 4.91 6.66 0.99 0.92 7.98 2.71 6.98 L05U-01 二辉橄榄岩 2.49 5.23 0.73 2.96 0.7 0.24 0.68 0.11 0.64 0.13 0.36 0.05 0.36 0.06 14.74 12.35 2.39 5.17 1.06 0.95 4.66 1.76 4.96 L07U-16 橄榄岩 3.27 6.68 0.94 3.98 0.96 0.27 0.88 0.14 0.86 0.17 0.5 0.07 0.45 0.07 19.24 16.10 3.14 5.13 0.90 0.93 4.90 1.68 5.07 L24U-04 橄榄辉石岩 1.42 4.1 0.64 2.94 0.88 0.23 0.83 0.15 0.89 0.18 0.5 0.07 0.49 0.07 13.39 10.21 3.18 3.21 0.82 1.05 1.95 0.80 2.86 LB(05)-1 橄榄岩 1.57 4.7 0.88 4.41 1.11 0.23 0.88 0.14 0.82 0.15 0.46 0.06 0.43 0.06 15.90 12.90 3.00 4.30 0.71 0.98 2.46 0.70 3.73 R32B-11 含辉橄榄岩 1.62 3.61 0.53 2.3 0.52 0.14 0.47 0.08 0.44 0.09 0.26 0.05 0.24 0.05 10.40 8.72 1.68 5.19 0.87 0.96 4.55 1.54 5.14 R32B-12 方辉橄榄岩 3.32 5.93 0.76 3.06 0.68 0.16 0.61 0.1 0.57 0.11 0.31 0.05 0.28 0.05 15.99 13.91 2.08 6.69 0.76 0.92 7.99 2.41 7.23 Y22U-06 含长二辉
橄榄岩3.8 7.79 1.09 4.5 1.04 0.34 0.97 0.16 0.93 0.19 0.52 0.07 0.49 0.07 21.96 18.56 3.40 5.46 1.03 0.94 5.23 1.80 5.43 Y13U-05 单辉橄榄岩 1.63 3.06 0.45 2.04 0.55 0.2 0.56 0.09 0.61 0.12 0.37 0.05 0.37 0.06 10.16 7.93 2.23 3.56 1.10 0.88 2.97 1.46 2.82 mcq-15 蚀变辉石岩 4.55 9.85 1.28 5.01 1.26 0.16 1.49 0.25 1.59 0.33 0.97 0.14 0.91 0.13 27.92 22.11 5.81 3.81 0.36 1.00 3.37 1.78 3.70 mcq-2 蚀变橄榄
辉石岩5.31 11.54 1.4 6.14 1.55 0.49 1.86 0.33 2.01 0.42 1.1 0.17 1.08 0.17 33.57 26.43 7.14 3.70 0.88 1.04 3.31 1.69 3.65 表 3 龙首山超基性岩微量元素含量及各类参数
Table 3. Trace element content and various parameters of ultrabasic rocks in Longshou Mountain
样号 岩石
名称产地 元素含量(10−6) 特征参数 Y Hf Zr V Sc Cr Co Ni Cu Nb Ba Ta Pb Th U Hf/Th Zr/Y Hf/Ta LZK265-17 二辉橄
榄岩金川 7.2 0.96 38.9 62.2 17.9 2574 148 2362 1118 1.85 153 0.15 16.7 0.79 0.16 1.22 5.40 6.4 L05U-01 二辉岩 3.6 0.67 27.1 34.8 8.02 3417 106 1276 552 0.91 92.3 0.07 7.65 0.34 0.11 1.97 7.53 9.57 L07U-16 二辉橄
榄岩4.82 0.74 30.9 43 9.32 3976 192 4317 2220 1.41 16.8 0.09 18.5 0.32 0.08 2.31 6.41 8.22 L24U-04 橄榄岩 4.95 0.93 33.9 49.3 15.4 3185 152 4039 2335 1.06 6.07 0.07 8.74 0.41 0.09 2.27 6.85 13.29 LB(05)-1 橄榄辉
石岩4.49 0.69 28.1 31.8 7.21 3570 152 2574 989 1.54 90.5 0.11 7.16 1.05 0.18 0.66 6.26 6.27 R32B-11 橄榄岩 2.47 0.46 20.8 15.6 6.42 3663 134 1203 59.9 0.77 9.22 0.05 6.09 0.17 0.06 2.71 8.42 9.20 R32B-12 含辉橄
榄岩3.09 0.69 30.6 15.3 6.86 2944 140 1399 80.6 1.1 9.02 0.07 6.15 0.24 0.07 2.88 9.90 9.86 Y22U-06 方辉橄
榄岩5.17 0.72 29.6 34.8 10.4 2922 254 6790 1640 1.6 285 0.1 16.6 0.41 0.09 1.76 5.73 7.2 Y13U-05 含长二
辉橄
榄岩3.64 0.52 20.2 32.3 9.88 3198 252 7199 2381 0.45 34.1 0.07 11.8 0.23 0.05 2.26 5.55 7.43 mcq-15 单辉橄
榄岩8.94 0.854 24.3 139.8 17.1 4501 93.8 1525 38.1 2.041 15.21 0.319 2.99 1.317 1.015 0.65 2.72 2.68 mcq-2 蚀变辉
石岩10.85 1.233 39.42 125 17.99 2565 92 1539 75.34 1.7 9.361 0.167 3.3 1.625 0.55 0.76 3.63 7.38 表 4 黑山泥盆世基性–超基性岩石化学特征表
Table 4. Chemical characteristics of Heishan Devonian basic-ultrabasic rocks.
样号 岩石类型 化学成分(%) SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 FeO MnO CaO MgO K2O Na2O ZH002
中细粒斜长角闪辉橄岩40.99 0.50 5.68 13.46 9.34 0.16 3.42 28.32 0.36 0.84 ZH015 42.64 0.42 5.50 11.71 8.14 0.16 3.01 29.43 0.37 0.74 ZH022 42.02 0.67 7.84 12.55 8.06 0.14 3.86 20.92 0.96 1.08 ZH028 41.54 0.16 2.26 12.68 9.68 0.18 1.29 39.36 0.16 0.40 YQ-2 中细粒角闪辉长岩 60.64 0.83 14.61 1.56 4.72 0.20 1.20 1.72 0.45 8.00 YQ-6 51.73 0.60 16.24 2.63 3.98 0.21 4.03 7.32 1.70 1.85 YQ-11 50.79 1.09 16.19 3.78 2.17 0.11 8.93 9.65 1.00 3.20 YQ-1 中细粒橄榄角闪辉长岩 49.33 0.70 11.31 1.17 6.26 0.25 10.65 8.73 0.45 2.20 YQ-13 49.79 0.54 10.68 4.88 3.50 0.16 9.38 8.30 0.73 2.60 YQ-4 中粗粒含长角闪橄榄岩 41.53 0.28 6.04 4.80 6.02 0.25 7.95 16.33 0.35 1.48 YQ-5 38.11 0.13 5.73 4.81 6.36 0.28 9.98 16.98 0.15 0.90 YQ-10 42.26 0.37 6.25 3.88 6.82 0.29 3.08 29.30 0.13 0.43 YQ-14 43.66 0.43 7.94 2.94 6.24 0.15 5.18 30.13 0.05 0.43 KQ-4 38.63 0.22 3.54 4.00 8.96 0.19 3.75 29.81 0.20 0.68 KQ-6 36.54 0.16 2.45 6.15 5.16 0.18 4.20 24.71 0.75 0.95 KQ-7 40.39 0.31 4.90 2.96 10.40 0.19 2.61 34.69 0.18 0.33 YQ-9 角闪橄榄岩 41.24 0.25 3.69 2.37 8.48 0.30 1.98 35.71 0.18 0.20 YQ-3 角闪辉石橄榄岩 37.67 0.19 3.60 7.84 3.80 0.24 3.07 31.57 0.28 0.63 YQ-16 41.14 0.21 4.47 1.11 11.04 0.21 2.40 35.90 0.05 0.43 YQ-17 41.64 0.39 6.48 2.38 9.04 0.19 0.98 33.58 0.05 0.10 YQ-15 单辉橄榄岩 40.46 0.28 5.99 1.54 9.68 0.19 2.10 33.72 0.18 0.53 KQ-5 斜长角闪橄榄岩 40.56 0.46 7.20 5.00 10.08 0.18 3.08 27.89 0.33 0.63 表 5 成宣二叠世基性–超基性岩主量元素含量(%)及特征表
Table 5. Major element content (%) and characteristics of of the Chenxuan Permian basic-ultrabasic rocks
岩石名称 SiO2 Na2O MgO Al2O3 P2O5 K2O CaO 辉石橄榄岩 42.33 1.89 19.25 13.37 0.10 0.58 6.91 橄榄辉石岩 43.42 1.95 20.20 12.51 0.08 0.29 6.55 辉石橄榄岩 42.41 2.05 18.23 13.54 0.09 0.90 6.77 岩石名称 TiO2 MnO Fe2O3 FeO LOI Mg# m/f 辉石橄榄岩 0.35 0.05 1.92 8.92 2.47 0.76 3.27 橄榄辉石岩 0.32 0.06 2.19 8.19 2.22 0.78 3.18 辉石橄榄岩 0.34 0.05 1.82 7.82 1.22 0.77 3.10 表 6 成宣二叠世基性–超基性岩微量元素(10−6)特征表
Table 6. Trace element(10−6) characteristics of the Chenxuan Permian basic-ultrabasic rocks
样号 岩石名称 Rb K Ba Th U Nb La Ce Sr YSQ-1 辉石橄榄岩 129 5036 1340 17.9 4.4 12.6 28 53.7 661 YSQ-2 橄榄辉石岩 178 2534 1610 18.5 4 11.8 24.6 48.1 514 YSQ-3 辉石橄榄岩 116 7971 1590 15.5 3.12 11 22.6 49.1 632 样号 岩石名称 Nd P Zr Hf Sm Ti Y Yb Lu YSQ-1 辉石橄榄岩 24 459 135 3.8 4.54 2210 14.4 1.38 0.216 YSQ-2 橄榄辉石岩 21.3 349 114 3.33 4.06 2010 12.9 1.24 0.193 YSQ-3 辉石橄榄岩 22.9 423 98 2.78 4.39 2170 13.9 1.26 0.183 表 7 成宣二叠世镁铁–超镁铁岩稀土元素含量(10−6)特征表
Table 7. Rare earth element (REE)(10−6) content characteristics of the Chenxuan Permian basic-ultrabasic rocks
样号 岩石名称 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb YSQ-1 辉石橄榄岩 28 53.7 6.37 24 4.54 1.26 3.66 0.52 YSQ-2 橄榄辉石岩 24.6 48.1 5.65 21.3 4.06 1.14 3.16 0.47 YSQ-3 辉石橄榄岩 22.6 49.1 5.94 22.9 4.39 1.18 3.44 0.50 样号 岩石名称 Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Y — YSQ-1 辉石橄榄岩 2.64 0.51 1.43 0.217 1.38 0.216 14.4 — YSQ-2 橄榄辉石岩 2.35 0.46 1.3 0.192 1.24 0.193 12.9 — YSQ-3 辉石橄榄岩 2.49 0.47 1.37 0.194 1.26 0.183 13.9 — 样号 岩石名称 ΣREE LREE HREE LREE/HREE (La/Yb)N δEu δCe YSQ-1 辉石橄榄岩 128.5 117.9 10.58 11.14 14.55 0.94 0.99 YSQ-2 橄榄辉石岩 114.2 104.9 9.37 11.19 14.23 0.97 1.00 YSQ-3 辉石橄榄岩 116.0 106.1 9.91 10.71 12.87 0.93 1.04 表 8 大敖包沟含矿镁铁–超镁铁岩岩石地球化学特征表
Table 8. Geochemical characteristics of ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic rocks in the Da'aobaogou area
样号 DAG06 DAG07 DAG08 DAG10 DAG11 DAG14 DAG15 DAG17 DAG18 岩性 橄榄辉石岩 辉石岩 辉长岩 SiO2 47.4 45.5 45.3 44.2 49.1 46.5 45.3 48.8 47.3 TiO2 0.20 0.21 0.20 0.43 0.23 0.24 0.20 0.45 0.59 Al2O3 3.55 3.42 3.88 10.70 3.28 3.78 4.25 15.55 16.05 FeOT 11.47 13.06 12.03 5.99 12.07 11.92 11.57 8.81 8.80 MnO 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.08 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 MgO 28.2 30.0 29.10 21.30 29.60 28.70 28.30 8.49 9.27 CaO 3.91 3.00 4.00 11.10 2.76 4.12 3.99 12.55 11.90 Na2O 0.45 0.47 0.55 1.44 0.47 0.56 0.40 2.67 2.17 K2O 0.23 0.36 0.38 0.20 0.39 0.43 0.10 0.99 1.40 P2O5 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.05 LOI 4.50 3.63 4.29 4.26 1.83 3.53 5.28 1.17 1.64 Total 100.17 99.85 99.93 99.73 99.94 99.99 99.58 99.66 99.31 m/f 4.53 4.28 4.47 6.10 4.54 4.45 4.51 1.73 1.89 Mg# 0.86 0.85 0.86 0.92 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.73 0.75 表 9 大敖包沟含矿岩体微量元素分析测试结果(10−6)
Table 9. Trace element(10−6) analysis results of the Da'aobaogou rock body
样号 DAG 06 DAG 07 DAG 08 DAG 10 DAG 11 DAG 14 DAG 15 DAG 17 DAG18 岩性 橄榄辉石岩 辉石岩 辉长岩 Li 3.7 6.6 11 6.1 6.6 9.1 3.2 11.8 14.2 Be 0.25 0.16 0.23 0.25 0.19 0.23 0.25 0.56 0.96 Sc 20 16.2 18.7 20.9 18.8 19.4 17.8 44.1 36.2 Ga 4.91 4.6 5.06 11.55 4.94 5.12 5.3 15.55 16.4 Rb 8.3 13.1 13.5 3.6 14.9 16 3.4 22 33.7 Sr 56.1 95.7 118 125.5 70.8 92 99.7 256 272 Y 5.4 4.5 5.1 8.7 4.5 5.7 5 10.9 11.8 Zr 26.2 27.9 30 41.5 28.7 34.2 20.3 10.6 9 Nb 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.7 3.4 Cs 2.5 0.67 3.24 0.37 1.71 2.71 2.07 0.98 3.04 Ba 84.1 110 108.5 48.5 115.5 126.5 23.8 120.5 154.5 La 7 6.4 6.7 6.8 6.1 7.4 7 8.1 5.6 Ce 13.55 12.35 13.1 14.4 11.7 14.7 13.4 16.2 12 Pr 1.74 1.39 1.43 1.65 1.3 1.67 1.47 2.15 1.59 Nd 6.5 5.7 5.4 6.8 5 6.9 5.4 8.7 7 Sm 1.36 1.03 1.09 1.63 0.89 1.37 1.17 2.05 1.91 Eu 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.49 0.26 0.37 0.32 0.74 0.68 Gd 1.27 1.03 1.06 1.58 0.92 1.23 1.05 2.18 2.34 Tb 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.21 0.1 0.15 0.14 0.32 0.35 Dy 1.08 0.78 0.89 1.34 0.75 1.04 0.84 2.1 2.59 Ho 0.2 0.17 0.16 0.3 0.15 0.21 0.17 0.41 0.53 Er 0.55 0.5 0.55 0.79 0.49 0.57 0.47 1.34 1.63 Tm 0.11 0.11 0.1 0.13 0.09 0.14 0.1 0.18 0.27 Yb 0.58 0.43 0.46 0.72 0.42 0.54 0.48 1.22 1.48 Lu 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.12 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.18 0.26 Hf 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.5 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.5 Ta 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.17 0.21 Ti 1440 1230 1180 2490 1370 1380 1200 3310 4100 Pb 1.7 1.8 2 4.4 2 2.1 2.1 5.3 4.8 Bi 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.13 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.09 Th 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 0.9 U 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 V 84 66 71 69 79 76 69 197 202 Cr 741 761 646 15 923 654 601 416 63 Co 102.5 131 118.5 29.5 111.5 111 114 42.9 43.7 Ni 691 1250 909 304 825 769 812 102 154.5 Cu 79.7 169.5 121 163 116.5 63.3 99.9 28.9 98.2 ΣREE 34.49 30.44 31.47 36.96 28.25 36.37 32.09 45.87 38.23 LREE/HREE 7.60 8.37 8.17 6.12 8.42 8.18 8.64 4.78 3.05 (La/Yb)N 8.16 10.06 9.84 6.38 9.81 9.26 9.85 4.49 2.56 δEu 0.76 0.94 0.90 0.92 0.87 0.85 0.87 1.06 0.98 δCe 0.89 0.94 0.95 0.98 0.94 0.95 0.94 0.90 0.93 La/Sm 5.15 6.21 6.15 4.17 6.85 5.40 5.98 3.95 2.93 Th/Ta 17.50 18.57 18.57 12.22 17.50 16.67 21.43 9.41 4.29 Nb/U 4.67 6.50 6.00 6.50 4.33 5.00 6.50 11.33 10.67 Ce/Pb 7.97 6.86 6.55 3.27 5.85 7.00 6.38 3.06 2.50 Ta/Yb 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.13 0.19 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.14 Hf/Ta 8.75 10.00 11.43 16.67 8.75 10.00 8.57 2.35 2.38 -
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