Comparison of Magmatic Cu-Ni Deposits in Huangshan Area, East Tianshan and Its Implications for Prospecting
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摘要:
新疆东天山黄山地区分布有黄山东、黄山西和黄山南等众多铜镍岩浆硫化物矿床，是中国最重要的镍矿产地之一。笔者在前人研究成果基础上，讨论了黄山地区不同含矿岩体成岩成矿过程的异同及地质意义。锆石年龄和岩石地球化学特征表明黄山东、黄山西和黄山南岩体源区性质相似；橄榄石Fo值和母岩浆组分估算显示这些岩体均为高镁玄武岩经历深部结晶分异形成的镁铁–超镁铁质岩体。同位素及微量元素模拟结果表明这些岩体的原生岩浆普遍在深部混染了5%～30%的地壳物质，并发生了深部硫化物熔离。相较于黄山东和黄山西矿床，黄山南矿床100%硫化物中具有较高的Ni、Cu、Pt、Pd含量。模拟计算显示黄山南矿床的R值高于黄山东和黄山西矿床，表明黄山南矿床中与硫化物液相发生反应的硅酸盐岩浆数量更多。橄榄石高Fo值以及硫化物低Cu/Pd值显示黄山南岩体橄榄石结晶和硫化物熔离的时间更早。结合不同岩体的剖面形态及埋深，笔者认为黄山南岩体可能为深部岩浆房与浅部岩浆房的通道。相较于黄山南岩体，黄山东和黄山西岩体可能为岩浆通道上部变宽部位。黄山南岩体底部及深部岩浆通道经历了多阶段持续的侵位–补给和硫化物聚集作用，在深部通道系统变缓处、构造有利空间具有良好的成矿潜力。
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关键词:
- 锆石 SHRIMP U-Pb 年龄 /
- 镁铁–超镁铁质岩石 /
- 岩浆通道 /
- 黄山铜镍成矿带 /
- 东天山
Abstract:The Huangshan area is the one of the most important ore field of nickel in the East Tianshan area and include the Huangshandong, Huangshanxi and Huangshannan magmatic sulfide Ni-Cu deposits. On the basis of the previous research achievements, we discuss the similarities and differences of the magmatic sulfide Ni-Cu deposits in Huangshan area in this paper. The zircon age and geochemistry characteristics show that Huangshandong, Huangshanxi and Huangshannan intrusions have the similar magmatic sources. The olivine Fo and estimated results indicate that the parental magma of these intrusions is supposed to be high Mg in composition and experienced the early olivine crystallization. The isotope and trace elements data show that the magma of these intrusion was formed by the mixing of a mafic magma derived from a depleted mantle with a granitic melt derived from a juvenile arc crust and occurred sulfide segregation in depth. Compared with the Huangshandong and Huangshanxi deposits, the 100% sulfide of the Huangshannan deposit have the higher contents of Ni, Cu, Pt and Pd. The simulated calculation show that the Huangshannan deposit have the higher R factor than Huangshandong and Huangshanxi deposits, which indicated there are more silicate magmas reacted with the sulfide liquid in the Huangshannan deposit. The high oilvine Fo content and low sulfide Cu/Pd ratio in the Huangshannan intrusion indicate the time of olivine fractional crystallization and sulfide segregation is before the Huangshandong and Huangshanxi deposits. Combined with the profile shapes and cover depth of these intrusions, we suggest that the Huangshannan intrusion can be regarded as magma conduits between magma chamber while the Huangshandong and Huangshanxi intrusions may be the lower part of the magma chambers. The bottom of Huangshan intrusion and the underlying deep magma conduit have experienced multi-stage continuous emplacement, recharge, and sulfide accumulation. These processes indicate favorable ore-forming potential, particularly within the structural space created by the slowing down of the deep channel system.
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图 2 黄山南含矿岩体地质图（a）和纵向投影图（b、c）（b、c据代玉财等, 2013修）
Figure 2.
图 3 黄山东含矿岩体剖面图（a）和黄山西含矿岩体剖面图（b）（据Gao et al., 2013修）
Figure 3.
表 1 黄山南岩体全岩主量、微量元素成分
Table 1. Major and trace element abundances in the Huangshannan intrusion
样品 NH3-1 NH3-2 NH3-4 NH3-5 NH3-6 NH3-7 NH3-8 NH3-9 NH3-10 NH3-12 SiO2 50.96 50.47 51.53 51.35 50.88 49.94 51.36 52.13 51.38 51.60 TiO2 0.60 0.64 0.44 0.34 0.48 0.38 0.47 0.34 0.42 0.46 Al2O3 17.47 18.84 17.70 19.92 14.45 11.52 17.56 19.84 17.02 19.02 Fe2O3 7.24 7.16 6.25 6.39 5.41 9.32 6.73 5.09 6.44 6.32 MnO 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.11 MgO 9.65 9.46 10.06 9.35 10.19 17.65 10.17 8.06 10.84 8.44 CaO 11.36 10.50 11.36 9.80 16.94 9.47 10.55 11.05 11.34 10.46 Na2O 2.40 2.52 2.30 2.55 1.46 1.46 2.70 3.11 2.19 3.24 K2O 0.15 0.25 0.22 0.16 0.07 0.08 0.29 0.27 0.23 0.32 P2O5 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.02 Rb 4.87 7.60 6.46 4.21 1.91 1.85 7.71 8.63 7.91 9.76 Sr 393 421 381 465 309 307 385 473 424 519 Y 10.33 9.35 7.92 5.60 11.06 6.98 8.42 5.79 7.57 6.39 Zr 24.64 25.18 20.81 22.04 16.21 13.75 28.29 10.59 17.09 12.55 Hf 0.75 0.74 0.58 0.55 0.65 0.43 0.74 0.36 0.51 0.43 Nb 0.53 0.64 0.42 0.44 0.14 0.19 0.57 0.24 0.30 0.20 Ta 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 Ba 32.65 31.85 34.00 34.41 19.04 13.44 34.19 42.29 1736.00 52.79 La 1.62 1.63 1.41 1.62 0.68 0.78 1.67 0.89 1.14 1.11 Ce 4.36 4.23 3.65 3.97 1.87 1.84 4.17 1.84 2.56 2.44 Pr 0.77 0.74 0.60 0.57 0.45 0.40 0.71 0.37 0.49 0.44 Nd 4.22 4.00 3.20 2.72 2.93 2.28 3.69 2.08 2.84 2.39 Sm 1.38 1.25 1.02 0.78 1.24 0.86 1.18 0.77 1.01 0.87 Eu 0.63 0.60 0.52 0.48 0.53 0.43 0.54 0.49 0.87 0.60 Gd 1.83 1.62 1.36 0.93 1.79 1.11 1.45 0.99 1.80 1.12 Tb 0.32 0.29 0.25 0.16 0.33 0.21 0.26 0.18 0.23 0.20 Dy 2.11 1.90 1.60 1.10 2.26 1.44 1.69 1.18 1.47 1.35 Ho 0.43 0.39 0.33 0.22 0.47 0.29 0.34 0.24 0.31 0.27 Er 1.27 1.15 0.99 0.69 1.34 0.85 1.04 0.70 0.93 0.80 Tm 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.10 0.18 0.12 0.14 0.10 0.13 0.11 Yb 1.02 0.93 0.79 0.60 1.15 0.83 0.95 0.61 0.87 0.71 Lu 0.16 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.16 0.12 0.14 0.09 0.12 0.10 Pb 1.14 2.67 1.45 2.21 1.19 0.89 1.35 2.62 2.90 1.16 Th 0.26 0.23 0.20 0.28 0.07 0.10 0.27 0.11 0.13 0.11 U 0.10 0.17 0.27 0.19 0.04 0.09 0.19 0.16 0.34 0.15 注：主量元素含量为%；微量元素含量为10−6。 
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表 2 黄山南岩体矿物成分
Table 2. Mineral composition in the Huangshannan intrusion
橄榄石 样号 岩性 测点数
（个）FeO SiO2 MgO MnO CaO NiO Total Fo Ni Ca Mn ZK179-3-1 橄榄辉长岩 6 17.20 39.76 42.62 0.27 0.01 0.11 99.98 81.54 857 64 2106 ZK179-3-2 橄榄辉长岩 8 17.11 39.67 42.78 0.25 0.01 0.12 99.99 81.67 951 64 1944 ZK179-3-3 橄榄辉长岩 10 16.70 39.98 43.41 0.25 0.01 0.09 100.53 82.25 715 64 1959 ZK171-1-1 橄榄辉长岩 9 18.78 39.66 41.40 0.29 0.01 0.13 100.28 79.71 1022 64 2207 ZK171-1-2 橄榄辉长岩 5 18.93 39.66 41.62 0.30 0.01 0.13 100.69 79.67 1053 64 2354 ZK171-1-3 橄榄二辉岩 9 18.94 39.70 41.51 0.24 0.01 0.10 100.59 79.61 802 64 1835 ZK171-1-4 橄榄二辉岩 11 18.53 40.16 41.49 0.23 0.03 0.10 100.58 79.96 770 186 1812 斜长石 样号 岩性 测点数
（个）Na2O FeO SiO2 K2O CaO Al2O3 Total An Ab Or HN13-2 辉长岩 11 4.71 0.16 54.33 0.46 11.34 27.97 99.11 55.55 41.75 2.70 ZK171-1-2 橄榄辉长岩 6 4.76 0.13 53.66 0.05 11.79 28.28 98.78 57.58 42.10 0.32 HN13-1 辉长岩 5 5.35 0.14 55.92 0.59 10.01 27.02 99.17 49.16 47.41 3.44 ZK179-3-1 橄榄辉长岩 2 3.83 0.07 51.38 0.01 13.48 29.81 98.70 65.99 33.95 0.06 HN13-3 辉长岩 7 5.31 0.18 55.67 0.50 10.40 27.34 99.61 50.47 46.65 2.88 ZK171-1-3 橄榄辉长岩 2 3.99 0.19 52.11 0.10 13.29 29.67 99.48 64.46 34.98 0.56 斜方辉石 样号 岩性 测点数
（个）Na2O FeO SiO2 Cr2O3 MgO MnO CaO Al2O3 TiO2 Total Wo En Fs HN13-2 辉长岩 6 0.04 16.24 54.03 0.15 25.84 0.30 1.25 1.78 0.25 99.97 2.5 72.1 25.4 ZK171-1-2 橄榄辉长岩 10 0.05 14.21 53.87 0.09 26.19 0.30 1.75 2.67 0.35 99.52 3.6 73.9 22.5 HN13-1 辉长岩 4 0.05 16.26 53.98 0.12 24.92 0.32 2.80 1.53 0.23 100.25 5.6 69.1 25.3 ZK179-3-1 橄榄辉长岩 6 0.05 9.94 54.58 0.16 29.37 0.24 1.86 3.66 0.23 100.14 3.7 81.0 15.4 HN13-4 辉长岩 8 0.03 17.90 53.48 0.28 24.13 0.36 1.86 1.70 0.30 100.10 3.8 68.0 28.3 ZK171-1-3 橄榄辉长岩 8 0.02 12.01 55.62 − 29.35 0.26 0.81 2.87 0.03 101.03 1.6 80.0 18.4 单斜辉石 样号 岩性 测点数
（个）Na2O FeO SiO2 Cr2O3 MgO MnO CaO Al2O3 TiO2 Total Wo En Fs HN13-2 辉长岩 7 0.51 7.38 52.23 0.32 14.83 0.18 20.84 2.47 0.73 99.49 44.1 43.7 12.2 HN13-4 辉长岩 5 0.53 8.66 52.03 0.22 14.34 0.18 20.36 2.37 0.58 99.37 43.2 42.4 14.4 ZK171-1-3 橄榄辉长岩 9 0.52 6.36 52.31 0.41 17.88 0.19 16.73 4.27 0.46 99.18 35.9 53.4 10.7 注：主量元素含量为%；微量元素含量为10−6。
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表 3 黄山南含矿岩体锆石 SHRIMP U-Pb 测试结果
Table 3. SHRIMP U-Pb data of zircons from the Huangshannan sulfide ore-bearing intrusion
测试点 206Pb* Th U 232Th/238U 207Pb*/235U 206Pb*/238U 206Pb/238U 10−6 10−6 10−6 Ratio ±% Ratio ±% Age（Ma） ±% HN-1 7.8 43.6 199.0 0.23 0.35500 3.3 0.04573 1.8 288.3 ±5.0 HN-2 13.1 71.4 336.8 0.22 0.28900 5.1 0.04505 1.8 284.0 ±4.9 HN-3 8.6 47.3 221.6 0.22 0.28200 9.6 0.04460 1.8 281.3 ±5.1 HN-4 8.5 140.6 217.0 0.67 0.36400 4.7 0.04570 1.8 288.1 ±5.1 HN-5 12.4 66.7 314.8 0.22 0.33190 2.6 0.04582 1.7 288.8 ±4.9 HN-6 10.8 58.0 273.8 0.22 0.30700 5.3 0.04565 1.8 287.8 ±5.0 HN-7 16.0 103.7 409.4 0.26 0.34170 2.5 0.04568 1.7 288.0 ±4.9 HN-8 12.7 75.0 324.3 0.24 0.30800 3.7 0.04520 1.8 285.0 ±4.9 HN-9 13.3 87.9 340.8 0.27 0.32200 3.8 0.04543 1.8 286.4 ±5.0 HN-10 9.5 51.7 241.6 0.22 0.35100 2.9 0.04596 1.8 289.7 ±5.1 HN-11 7.7 48.1 195.9 0.25 0.33100 6.2 0.04532 1.8 285.7 ±5.1 HN-12 10.6 55.9 270.3 0.21 0.31100 4.7 0.04554 2 287.1 ±5.7 HN-13 11.6 71.3 295.3 0.25 0.31300 4.8 0.04547 1.8 286.6 ±5.0 HN-14 13.0 69.9 337.2 0.21 0.32900 3.4 0.04466 1.8 281.7 ±4.9 HN-15 15.0 83.5 388.0 0.22 0.33600 5.3 0.04515 1.9 284.7 ±5.2
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表 4 黄山南岩体辉长岩中锆石LA-ICP-MS Lu-Hf同位素结果
Table 4. Zircons Lu-Hf isotope compositions of olivine gabbro in Huangshannan mafic-ultramafic intrusion
编号 176Yb/177Hf 176Lu/177Hf 176Hf/177Hf 2σ 176Hf/177Hfi εHf（t） tDM（Ma） fLu/Hf 1 0.092745 0.001677 0.282939 0.000017 0.282930 11.9 452 −0.95 2 0.106623 0.002024 0.282978 0.000019 0.282967 13.2 399 −0.94 3 0.089222 0.001700 0.282959 0.000018 0.282950 12.6 423 −0.95 4 0.102301 0.001654 0.282911 0.000017 0.282903 10.9 492 −0.95 5 0.095908 0.001864 0.282936 0.000018 0.282926 11.7 459 −0.94 6 0.081085 0.001670 0.282941 0.000015 0.282932 11.9 449 −0.95 7 0.129953 0.002579 0.282973 0.000016 0.282959 12.9 414 −0.92 8 0.102679 0.002289 0.282975 0.000015 0.282962 13.0 407 −0.93 9 0.101556 0.002107 0.282998 0.000016 0.282987 13.9 371 −0.94 10 0.062083 0.001373 0.282981 0.000014 0.282973 13.4 389 −0.96 11 0.078933 0.001772 0.282971 0.000016 0.282961 13.0 407 −0.95 12 0.094601 0.001997 0.282955 0.000016 0.282944 12.4 433 −0.94 13 0.090873 0.002074 0.282947 0.000018 0.282936 12.1 445 −0.94 14 0.098492 0.002384 0.282962 0.000027 0.282950 12.6 426 −0.93 15 0.104552 0.002001 0.282939 0.000018 0.282928 11.8 457 −0.94
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表 5 黄山南岩体全岩Sr-Nd同位素组分
Table 5. Sr-Nd isotope composition of wole rock in Huangshannan mafic-ultramafic intrusion
样号 岩性 Rb(10−6） Sr（10−6） 87Rb/86Sr （87Sr/86Sr） （87Sr/86Sr）i HN3-2 角闪橄榄辉石岩 7.60 421.20 0.052247 0.703829 0.703621 HN3-5 角闪辉橄岩 4.21 465.10 0.026223 0.703651 0.703547 HN3-6 辉橄岩 1.91 309.70 0.017849 0.706977 0.706906 HN3-8 角闪辉长岩 7.71 385.30 0.057934 0.703946 0.703715 HN3-10 辉长苏长岩 7.91 424.70 0.053923 0.704215 0.704000 HN3-12 橄长岩 9.76 519.80 0.054363 0.704156 0.703940 样号 岩性 Sm（10−6） Nd（10−6） 147Sm/144Nd 143Nd/144Nd εNd（t） HN3-2 角闪橄榄辉石岩 1.25 4.00 0.190387 0.513083 8.92 HN3-5 角闪辉橄岩 0.78 2.72 0.173735 0.513014 8.16 HN3-6 辉橄岩 1.24 2.93 0.257393 0.513220 9.20 HN3-8 角闪辉长岩 1.18 3.69 0.193700 0.513021 7.59 HN3-10 辉长苏长岩 1.01 2.84 0.216969 0.513092 8.14 HN3-12 橄长岩 0.87 2.39 0.221668 0.513041 6.98
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表 6 黄山东、黄山西和黄山南岩体母岩浆成分（%）
Table 6. Compositions of estimated parental magmas（%） for the Huangshannan intrusion
组分 SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 Total 来源 黄山南 47.87 0.71 13.3 1.87 10.46 0.28 10.03 12.59 1.71 0.71 0.17 100 本研究 黄山东 53.59 0.86 13.79 1.01 9.38 0.15 10.03 8.26 1.88 0.90 0.15 100 Mao et al., 2014 黄山西 51.20 1.00 15.70 0.90 8.36 0.27 8.711 11.21 1.91 0.50 0.20 100 Mao et al., 2014
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