渭河盆地固市凹陷华州探区新近纪构造运动与沉积作用耦合关系及其对氦气成藏的控制

蔡鑫磊; 李谦益; 张阳; 张国强; 李正; 范明璞; 王宝文; 李萌瑶

doi:10.12401/j.nwg.2024130

渭河盆地固市凹陷华州探区新近纪构造运动与沉积作用耦合关系及其对氦气成藏的控制

1.
陕西燃气集团有限公司，陕西西安　710016

2.
中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心，陕西西安　710119

基金项目: 深地国家科技重大专项“盆地边缘天然氦富集与探测（SQ2025AAA060128）、陕西省地质勘查基金项目“陕西省华州-华阴地区地热水及氦气普查”（陕地勘金字〔2021〕38 号）联合资助。

详细信息

作者简介: 蔡鑫磊（1969−），男，正高级会计师，博士，主要从事氦气勘探及矿产经济学研究。E−mail：caixinleiwh@163.com

通讯作者: 李谦益（1969−），男，正高级工程师，主要从事氦气勘探地质研究及项目管理工作。E−mail：liqy624@vip.sina.com。

中图分类号: P618.13

收稿日期: 2024-11-01

修回日期: 2025-01-25

刊出日期: 2025-10-20

Coupling Relationship between Neogene Tectonism and Sedimentation and Its Controlling of Helium Accumulation in Huazhou Exploration Area, Gushi Sag, Weihe Basin

1.
Shaanxi Gas Group Co., Ltd, Xi’an 710016, Shaanxi, China

2.
Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Qianyi, liqy624@vip.sina.com

Received Date: 01 November 2024

Revised Date: 25 January 2025

Publish Date: 20 October 2025

摘要

摘要:
氦气是广泛应用于高新技术产业的稀缺性资源，而中国氦气供应长期依赖进口。渭河盆地固市凹陷华州探区氦气成藏地质条件优越，是氦气勘探的有利区带。氦气探井钻探成果表明，断裂体系和有利储集相带的空间展布与相互配置关系是氦气富集成藏的关键，对新近纪构造运动与沉积作用耦合关系开展研究，将有助于进一步查明区内断裂活动规律与沉积相空间展布特征，对于明确氦气资源勘探部署具有重要意义。结合邻区已积累的多种低温热年代学数据，区内钻井、录井、测井、岩心、地震及C-He同位素值等资料综合分析结果显示，秦岭造山带新近纪以来的多阶段快速隆升事件导致研究区断陷作用加剧，发育秦岭北缘深大断裂并伴生有一系列次级断层，为深部氦气及烃类载体气向上运移提供有利的运移通道；蓝田–灞河组下段的巨厚砾岩层是上新世时期秦岭造山带快速隆升的沉积响应结果，以发育扇三角洲扇根亚相为主，而上段岩性主要为砂岩、砂质泥岩及泥岩互层，发育扇中–扇缘沉积亚相。蓝田–灞河组层段所采气样的C、He同位素特征显示，研究区内发育有煤型甲烷气且氦气来源以壳源为主；张家坡期主要以发育浅湖相沉积体系为特征，薄层砂岩体有望成为氦气成藏的有利储集相带。张家坡组发育的厚层泥岩被认为是区内有利的生物气烃源岩层段及区域重要盖层，自下而上可构成完整的氦气成藏生运储盖组合，可作为氦气勘探的重要区带。
- 渭河盆地 /
- 固市凹陷 /
- 华州探区 /
- 构造运动 /
- 沉积特征 /
- 氦气成藏
Abstract:
Helium is a rare resource and is widely used in the high-tech field. However, the helium supply in China heavily depends on imports. The Huazhou exploration area of Gushi Sag in Weihe basin is a favorable area for helium exploration, which has superior geological conditions for helium accumulation. The drilling results of helium exploration well indicate that the spatial distribution and mutual configuration relationship of the fault systems and favorable reservoir zones are the key to helium-rich gas accumulation. Clarifying the coupling relationship between Neogene tectonism and sedimentation will help to further ascertain the regularity of fault activity and characteristics of the spatial distribution of sedimentary facies of the study area, which is of great significance for clearing the exploration and deployment of helium resource. Combining with the various low-temperature thermochronology data accumulated of the adjacent area, this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of drilling logging, well logging, core samples, seismic, and carbon and helium isotope data. The results indicate that the multiple rapid uplift events of the Qinling orogenic belt aggravated the faulted effect and produced a series of secondary faults developed by deep major faults of the northern margin of Qinling Mountains, which can provide favorable migration channels for the upward migration of the deep helium and hydrocarbon carrier gas. The thick conglomerate layer of the lower Lantian-Bahe Formation is the sedimentary response of the rapid uplift of Qinling orogenic belt, and the Formation mainly developed the fan-delta root subfacies. The lithology of the upper Lantian-Bahe Formation is mainly characterized by the interbeds of sandstone, sandy mudstone, and mudstone, and the Formation mainly developed the middle and marginal sub-facies. Moreover, the carbon and helium isotope values of gas samples from Lantian-Bahe Formation indicate that coal-type methane gas is developed in this area and the helium is mainly the type of crustal source. Zhangjiapo Formation is mainly characterized by lacustrine facies, and the thin sandstone bodies in the Formation can be expected to be favorable facies zone for helium accumulation. The thick-bedded mudstone developed in the Zhangjiapo Formation is considered to be a favorable source rock segment of biogas and important cap in this area. Zhangjiapo Formation has a complete combination of generation, transport, storage, and cap for helium accumulation from bottom to top and can be used as an important zone for helium exploration.
- Weihe basin /
- Gushi Sag /
- Huazhou exploration area /
- tectonism /
- sedimentary characteristics /
- helium accumulation

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图 1 渭河盆地综合地质图

Figure 1.

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图 2 秦岭造山带北缘华山、太白岩体年龄–高程变化图（a、b）（据Liu et al., 2013修改）与渭河盆地及周缘新生代构造演化示意图（c）（据王建强等, 2015; Dong et al., 2022修改）

Figure 2.

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图 3 华州探区近南北向地震剖面地质解释图（据蔡鑫磊等，2025修改）

Figure 3.

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图 4 氦气探井地层柱状图及岩心和显微照片（据蔡鑫磊等，2025修改）

Figure 4.

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图 5 研究区及周缘新近纪不同时期沉积相模式图（据蔡鑫磊, 2017; 李智超, 2017改）

Figure 5.

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图 6 研究区富氦天然气成藏模式图（据蔡鑫磊等，2025修改）

Figure 6.

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表 1 氦气探井及邻区地热井井口气气体组分与碳及氦同位素值统计表

Table 1. The statistic table of gas components and carbon and helium isotope values of geothermal wells in adjacent areas and Helium exploration well

井名	地层层位	甲烷（%）	δ¹³C₁值（‰）	氦气含量（%）	³He/⁴He值（10⁻⁷）	载体气类型	氦气成因类型
中海井	蓝田–灞河组或高陵群混合开采	9.24	–23.84	9.226	1.08	煤型气	壳源为主，部分样品中混入极少量幔源氦
御温泉		31.47	–25.80	3.019	1.09	煤型气
中医学院		82.86	–30.80	0.115	1.49	煤型气
渭热1井		87.12	–35.05	0.142	0.95	煤型气
渭热2井		64.29	–36.37	0.207	1.31	煤型气
渭热2井		72.41	–35.89	0.201	0.85	煤型气
渭热4井		69.25	–52.16	0.334	1.19	生物气
渭热7井	张家坡组	99.47	–64.97	0.000	1.39	生物气
渭热8井		89.16	–62.63	0.000	1.88	生物气
辛热1井		97.91	–65.63	0.003	0.87	生物气
华阴R1井	蓝田–灞河组或高陵群混合开采	31.89	/	3.007	/	/
华县1井		60.05	–30.59	0.540	/	煤型气
华县2井		71.70	–33.47	2.110	/	煤型气
富华农邦		59.07	/	5.080	/	/
氦气探井	蓝田–灞河组	2.67	–33.90	0.008	1.96	煤型气
氦气探井	蓝田–灞河组	26.06	–24.52	1.708	/	煤型气

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