造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床深部动力学机制探讨

高晓峰; 隋清霖; 尤敏鑫; 胡朝斌; 查显锋; 李猛; 任广利; 李婷; 杨敏

doi:10.12401/j.nwg.2025012

造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床深部动力学机制探讨

1.
中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心，陕西西安　710119

2.
中国地质调查局造山带地质研究中心，陕西西安　710119

基金项目: 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目（2023-JC-ZD-15）和中国地质调查局项目（DD20160002、12120114020501、DD20190065）联合资助。

详细信息

作者简介: 高晓峰（1979−），男，博士，研究员，从事岩石学和岩石大地构造研究。E−mail：xfgao2000@163.com

中图分类号: P618.63; P611.1+1

收稿日期: 2024-12-10

修回日期: 2025-02-04

录用日期: 2025-02-07

刊出日期: 2025-06-20

Study on Dynamic Mechanism of Magmatic Copper-Nickel Sulfide Deposits in Orogenic Belts

1.
Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China

2.
Research Centre for Orogenic Geology, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China

Received Date: 10 December 2024

Revised Date: 04 February 2025

Accepted Date: 07 February 2025

Publish Date: 20 June 2025

摘要

摘要:
针对造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床成矿岩浆具有富水、源区不均一、弧岩浆元素特征以及矿床中的硫来源多样的特征，前人提出其成矿动力学模式主要包括地幔柱叠加造山带、板块俯冲和地幔柱相互作用、俯冲交代改造的岩石圈地幔部分熔融、后碰撞伸展阶段软流圈地幔和岩石圈地幔共同作用以及板块断裂引起软流圈地幔上涌减压熔融等多种观点。纵观地球演化历史，经历多期次造山作用，但并不是所有造山带均形成了岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床。因此，造山带中能够形成岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床成矿的关键因素有待进一步明晰。基于上述模式均指向造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床均来源于俯冲交代地幔源区，形成时限滞后于俯冲峰期的研究结果和地质事实，笔者提出了造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床两阶段成矿动力学模式。第一阶段：俯冲期内地幔橄榄岩被俯冲板片形成的硅质熔体交代，交代过程中，俯冲熔体导致Ni等元素从橄榄石中释放以及自身携带硫的释放，从而形成含有斜方辉石和镍硫化物的辉石岩为主地幔源区。第二阶段：俯冲碰撞期结束后，富集辉石和镍硫化物地幔通过拆沉方式进入软流圈地幔发生再次熔融，熔融条件转变成近似无水条件，镁铁质岩浆会分异形成富集亲铜元素形成的硫化物堆晶或岩浆硫化物矿床。区域上深大断裂、韧性剪切带和缝合带作为岩浆通道，是母岩浆脱离熔融源区后岩浆过程的富集通道，源区和岩浆过程共同作用形成造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床。
- 岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床 /
- 熔体交代 /
- 岩石圈拆沉 /
- 造山带
Abstract:
Previous studies have proposed various ore-forming dynamic models for magmatic Cu-Ni deposits in orogenic belts, including mantle plume overlapping orogenic belts, plate subduction and mantle plume interaction, partial melting of the lithospheric mantle, mixing of asthenospheric and lithospheric mantle during post-collision extension, and decompression melting caused by tearing of slab leading to asthenospheric mantle upwelling. However, the multiple episodes of subduction-accretion orogeny throughout the history of Earth evolution, the above dynamic processes have occurred, but Cu-Ni sulfide deposits have not been formed. Therefore, the key factors for the formation of Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in orogenic belts await further clarification. Based on the fact that the above models all point to Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in orogenic belts originating from subducted metasomatic mantle sources and forming after the peak subduction period, we propose a two-stage ore-forming dynamic model for Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in orogenic belts. Stage One: During the subduction period, interactions between mantle peridotites and silicic melts from the subducting slab lead to the release of elements such as nickel from olivine and sulfur carried by the subduction melts, thus forming a mantle source dominated by pyroxenite containing orthopyroxene and nickel sulfides. Stage Two: After the end of the subduction-collision period, the pyroxenite mantle source enriched during subduction enters the asthenospheric mantle through delamination and undergoes remelting, where the melting conditions change to near hydrous-free conditions. In this condition, these mafic magmas differentiate to form sulfur-rich, copper-affinitive sulfides crystallizing into sulfide piles or magma sulfide deposits. The large depth fault, ductile shear zones, and suture zones serve as magma conduits for the enrichment of the parent magma, with the combined action of source region and magmatic process leading to the formation of Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in orogenic belts.
- magmatic copper-nickel sulfide deposits /
- melt metasomatism /
- lithosphere delamination /
- orogenic belt.

HTML全文

图 1 典型造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床分布图（据李文渊，2007修改）

Figure 1.

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图 2 典型造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床Sr-Nd同位素组成

Figure 2.

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图 3 造山带铜镍硫化物矿床和典型大火成岩省地幔潜能温度（据Liu et al. 2017修改）

Figure 3.

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图 4 造山带和非造山带铜镍硫化物矿床S同位素组成

Figure 4.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床深部动力学机制探讨

1. 中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心，陕西 西安 710119 2. 中国地质调查局造山带地质研究中心，陕西 西安 710119

作者简介: 高晓峰（1979−），男，博士，研究员，从事岩石学和岩石大地构造研究。E−mail：xfgao2000@163.com

Study on Dynamic Mechanism of Magmatic Copper-Nickel Sulfide Deposits in Orogenic Belts

1. Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China 2. Research Centre for Orogenic Geology, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China

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中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心，陕西西安　710119

2.
中国地质调查局造山带地质研究中心，陕西西安　710119

1.
Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China

2.
Research Centre for Orogenic Geology, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China