Three-Dimensional Model of the Huangshanxi Ni-Cu Sulfide Deposit and Its Implications for Mineralization, EasternTianshan, NW China
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摘要:
东天山黄山–镜儿泉成矿带先后发现了一系列岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床，镍储量超过100万t，是世界造山带型铜镍矿床最发育的地区之一。黄山西矿床是该区域内的大型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床，形成于碰撞造山作用向碰撞后伸展环境，受区域性韧性剪切带和断裂构造控制；断裂构造既是岩浆侵位通道，又是硫化物熔离和聚集的主要空间。笔者基于现有钻孔、勘探线剖面图、中段地质平面图等地质资料，利用Surpac软件建立了黄山西矿床三维地质模型，根据矿体、岩体与构造的三维空间关系，以及Ni元素富集空间展布规律，并结合坑内矿石特征探讨了区域构造作用对铜镍矿体的控制作用。研究结果表明：①黄山西含矿岩体的三维形态受断层影响较大，近NEE向的F1和F10逆断层是全区最大断层，控制着各岩相的形态，形成了独特的“蝌蚪状”岩体形态和盆状剖面。② 32X号矿体成岩成矿以后受构造作用叠加使硫化物重新活化并沿着南北断裂再次富集成矿，矿石蚀变变形现象明显；30号矿体虽有一小部分受构造作用而造成硫化物富集，但其矿化过程未受显著的构造作用影响且蚀变较弱，缺乏明显的构造改造特征，总体上为岩浆沿构造侵位后的岩相主导成矿。本研究深化了黄山西矿床成岩成矿作用认识，对东天山地区成矿作用研究提供了新的视角，可为相似造山带环境下的铜镍矿床成因分析和找矿提供参考。
Abstract:A series of magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits have been successively discovered in the Huangshan-Jingerquan mineralization belt in the eastern Tianshan, with nickel reserves exceeding 1 million tons, making it one of the most developed regions for magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits in the orogenic belt. The Huangshanxi deposit is a large magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposit in this region, formed during the transition from collisional orogeny to a post-collision extensional environment. Regional ductile shear zones and fault structures controlled the emplacement of the Ni-Cu sulfide-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions. The faults acted as conduits for magma emplacement and provided spaces for sulfide segregation and accumulation. Based on geological data, including drill cores, exploration section maps, and mid-section geological maps, this study constructed a 3D geological model of the Huangshanxi deposit using Surpac software. By analyzing the three-dimensional space of the orebodies, mafic-ultramafic intrusive rocks, and structures, as well as the spatial distribution of Ni and petrographic characteristics of sulfide ores, the role of structure in the formation of Ni-Cu mineralization has been discussed. The main conclusions are as follows:①The morphology of the Huangshanxi intrusion is significantly influenced by faults. The nearly east-northeast-oriented F1 and F10 reverse faults are the most significant faults in the area and control the morphology of mafic-ultramafic rocks.Leading to a unique "tadpole-shaped" intrusion morphology and a basin-like cross-sectional profile.②The orebody 32X was overprinted by post-mineralization structure.It was reactivated by tectonic superposition and enriched along the north-south fault. The ore alteration and deformation were apparent.In contrast, the orebody 30, while partially affected by structural processes leading to localized sulfide enrichment, shows limited deformation and weaker alteration. Mafic-ultramafic rocks primarily control the Ni-Cu mineralization after magmatic emplacement along structures.This study advances the understanding of the magmatic and mineralization processes of the Huangshanxi deposit. It provides new insights into the genesis of magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits in the Northern Tianshan. It can serve as a reference for discussing the genesis and exploration of magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits in the orogenic belt.
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图 1 中亚造山带地质简图（a）、 东天山地区主要构造单元（b）、 黄山-镜儿泉成矿带区域地质简图（c）（据Jahn et al., 2000; Xiao et al., 2009; Deng et al., 2014; 韦帅，2021; 曹盛轩等，2024修改）
Figure 1.
图 2 黄山西矿床简化地质图（a）及剖面图（b）（据李德惠等, 1989；王润民, 1987修改）
Figure 2.
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