Study on the Ecological Environment Conditions and Carrying Capacity of a Mining-driven Region: Case of Zhushan County, Hubei Province
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摘要:
本研究将遥感生态指数（RSEI）运用到湖北省竹山县生态环境质量状况的评估中，通过对比引入矿山密度指标前后RSEI的变化情况，重点分析了矿山分布对生态环境状况的影响程度。同时，使用DPSR-TOPSIS耦合模型对2001—2021年竹山县的生态环境承载力进行评价，构建了涵盖19项指标的指标体系。结合层次分析法与熵值法计算指标权重，并引入障碍度函数，识别了承载力的主要制约因素。结果显示，县内生态环境承载力总体呈指数型增长，影响其变化的主要障碍因子有“全社会固定资产投资”、“人均GDP”、“年均降雨”、“年均气温”、“人口密度”和“一般公共预算支出”等。可将驱动生态环境承载力变化的主要因素归纳为：“经济发展”、“人口变化”、“自然条件”及“政策响应”。加入矿山密度指标后，竹山县生态环境质量中等以下区域面积占比上升了1.96%，等级为“较差”和“差”的区域面积分别增加42.96 km2和27.21 km2。该研究对指导竹山县生态环境改善具有一定的意义。
Abstract:The study applied the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) to the assessment of the ecological environment quality in Zhushan County, Hubei Province. By comparing the changes in the RSEI before and after the introduction of the mine density index, the impact of mine distribution on the ecological environment was analyzed. At the same time, the DPSR-TOPSIS coupling model was used to evaluate the ecological environment carrying capacity of Zhushan County from 2001 to 2021, and an index system covering 19 indicators was constructed. The index weights were calculated by combining the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy method, and the barrier function was introduced to identify the main constraints of the carrying capacity. The results showed that the ecological environment carrying capacity in the county generally showed an exponential growth, and the main obstacle factors affecting its change were: "total social fixed asset investment", "per capita GDP", "average annual rainfall", "average annual temperature", "population density" and "general public budget expenditure". The main factors driving the change of ecological environment carrying capacity can be summarized as "economic development", "population change", "natural conditions" and "policy response". After adding the mine density index, the area with medium or lower ecological environment quality in Zhushan County increased by 1.96%, among which the area of the " rather poor" and "poor" grades increased by 42.96 km2 and 27.21 km2 respectively. This study has certain significance in guiding the improvement of ecological environment and carrying capacity in Zhushan county.
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图 5 竹山县2001—2021年经济发展指标变化（a、b、c、d）、人口密度及常住人口变化（e）及竹山县各镇2021年人口密度（f）（数据源：十堰市统计年鉴（2001—2021年））
Figure 5.
表 1 DPSR模型指标权重描述
Table 1. Index weight description of DPSR model
目标层 准则层 指标层 指标
性质指标权重 生态环境
承载力D驱动力
（0.229 5）人均GDP D1 + 0.087 7 工业产值D2 + 0.045 5 农村居民人均可支配
收入D3+ 0.025 6 城镇居民人均可支配
收入D4+ 0.023 4 P压力
（0.208 0）人口密度P1 - 0.106 5 耕地占比P2 - 0.007 1 建设用地占比P3 - 0.014 9 PM2.5浓度P4 - 0.017 6 PM10浓度P5 - 0.019 2 规模以上工业企业数P6 - 0.026 6 S状态
（0.248 4）年均气温S1 + 0.074 0 年均降雨S2 + 0.069 3 年度蒸散发量S3 + 0.047 8 耕地粮食单产S4 + 0.020 6 耕地油料单产S5 + 0.032 5 R响应
（0.314 6）植被覆盖度R1 + 0.113 6 第三产业占比R2 + 0.061 8 一般公共预算支出R3 + 0.067 9 全社会固定资产投资R4 + 0.138 5 注：+表示正向指标，-表示负向指标。 
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表 2 竹山县2021年生态环境质量分级信息
Table 2. Ecological environment quality classification of Zhushan county in 2021
RSEI分级 未加入矿山密度指标 加入矿山密度指标 面积/km2 占比/% 面积/km2 占比/% 差（0～0.2） 71.24 1.99 98.45 2.75 较差（0.2～0.4） 171.48 4.79 214.44 5.99 中等（0.4～0.6） 671.25 18.75 835.93 23.35 较好（0.6～0.8） 2 079.62 58.09 1 952.89 54.55 好（0.8～1.0） 586.41 16.38 478.29 13.36
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