Flotation Process of Lithium from a Pegmatite-type Lithium Ore in Southern Africa
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摘要:
矿石中锂矿物以锂辉石、含锂白云母和锂云母为主，少量羟锂磷铝石、锂电气石和磷锰锂矿，脉石矿物主要为长石和石英。原矿Li2O含量为1.60%，72.71%的锂以锂辉石形式存在，16.90%以锂云母形式存在，2.91%的锂赋存于羟锂磷铝石、磷锰锂矿等锂的磷酸盐矿物中，还有7.48%的锂以锂矿物包裹体分散于石英/长石中，可回收的锂矿物主要为锂云母和锂辉石。锂云母与锂辉石可浮性很相近，通过实验确定了适配的浮选捕收剂、调整剂及活化剂，获得了锂云母浮选精矿和锂辉石浮选精矿。以有机酸AS为捕收剂、碳酸钠和氢氧化钠为调整剂、氯化钙为活化剂，采用锂云母优先浮选工艺流程，闭路实验获得Li2O品位2.92%、Li2O回收率15.47%的锂云母精矿和Li2O品位6.36%、Li2O回收率为71.20%的锂辉石精矿，产品合计Li2O的回收率为86.67%，对应的Li2O品位为5.26%。
Abstract:The primary lithium minerals in the ore are spodumene, lithium-bearing muscovite, and lepidolite, with small quantities of montebrasite, elbaite, and lithiophyllite. The gangue minerals primarily consist of feldspar and quartz. The Li2O in the raw ore is 1.60%, 72.71% of the lithium is present in the form of spodumene, 16.90% in the form of lepidolite, 2.91% in the form of lithium phosphate minerals such as montebrasite and lepidolite, and 7.48% as lithium mineral inclusions within quartz and feldspar. The recyclable lithium minerals primarily include lepidolite and spodumene. The floatability of lepidolite and spodumene is quite similar, and their floatability can be adjusted through the use of appropriate flotation collectors, regulators, and activators, allowing for the flotation of both lepidolite and spodumene concentrates. Using organic acid AS as the collector, sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide as regulators, and calcium chloride as the activator, lepidolite concentrate with a Li2O grade of 2.92% and a recovery of 15.47%, as well as spodumene concentrate with a Li2O grade of 6.36% and a recovery of 71.20%, were obtained through a small-scale closed-circuit test. The total Li2O recovery was 86.67%, with a corresponding Li2O grade of 5.26%.
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Key words:
- pegmatite /
- spodumene /
- lepidolite /
- flotation
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表 1 原矿主要化学成分的化学分析结果单位：%
Table 1. Main chemical composition analysis results of the raw ore
Li2O Rb2O5 Cs2O Na2O K2O CaO MgO Al2O3 SiO2 BeO P2O5 Fe 1.60 0.12 0.08 3.80 2.80 0.65 0.50 14.55 75.86 0.041 0.56 0.50 
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表 2 矿石中矿物组成及相对含量
Table 2. Mineral composition and relative content of minerals in the raw ore
矿物名称 含量/% 矿物名称 含量/% 锂辉石 13.31 绿泥石 0.65 锂磷铝石 0.28 高岭石 0.28 锂电气石 0.30 中长石 0.85 锂绿泥石 0.08 铯榴石 0.39 钠长石 29.25 绿柱石 0.31 石英 34.07 角闪石 0.46 钾长石 10.42 其他 0.80 云母（含锂云母） 8.55
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表 3 矿石中锂矿物组成及相对含量
Table 3. Composition and relative content of lithium minerals in the raw ore
矿物名称 含量/% Li2O含量/% Li2O 占有率/% 锂辉石 13.31 7.82 72.71 锂云母（含铯榴石） 11.80 2.15 16.90 锂磷铝石 0.28 9.68 1.98 锂电气石 0.18 0.91 0.66 磷锰锂矿 0.30 10.31 0.19 锂绿泥石 0.08 1.67 0.08 石英/长石 39.25 0.14 7.48 其他 34.80 / / 合计 100.00 1.56 100.00
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表 4 锂云母粗选调整剂种类浮选实验结果
Table 4. Flotation test results of lepidolite roughing regulator types
实验药剂及用量/
（g/t 原矿）产品
名称产率/
%Li2O
品位 /%Li2O
回收率 /%硫酸 200 粗精矿 12.28 2.17 16.66 尾矿 87.72 1.52 83.34 原矿 100.00 1.60 100.00 六偏磷酸钠800 粗精矿 15.28 1.68 16.09 尾矿 84.72 1.58 83.91 原矿 100.00 1.60 100.00 水玻璃1 000 粗精矿 11.08 2.45 16.91 尾矿 88.92 1.50 83.09 原矿 100.00 1.61 100.00 碳酸钠800 粗精矿 15.08 1.75 16.61 尾矿 84.92 1.56 83.39 原矿 100.00 1.59 100.00
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表 5 锂云母精选次数实验结果
Table 5. Test results of lepidolite concentration times
实验条件 产品名称 产率/ % 品位 /%
Li2OLi2O回收
率 /%精选一次 锂云母精矿 62.75 3.25 83.02 中矿 37.25 1.12 16.98 给矿 100.00 2.46 100.00 精选二次 锂云母精矿 53.20 3.52 73.26 中矿1 24.35 1.27 12.10 中矿2 46.80 0.80 14.65 给矿 100.00 2.56 100.00
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表 6 锂辉石浮选活化剂实验结果
Table 6. Test results of spodumene flotation activator
活化剂种类
用量/（g/t）产品名称 产率/% Li2O
品位/%Li2O
回收率/%氯化钙 0 锂辉石粗精矿 25.40 5.02 88.60 尾矿 74.60 0.22 11.40 给矿 100.00 1.44 100.00 氯化钙 200 锂辉石粗精矿 25.40 5.16 91.18 尾矿 74.60 0.17 8.82 给矿 100.00 1.44 100.00
氯化钙 400锂辉石粗精矿 25.56 5.12 90.71 尾矿 74.44 0.18 9.29 给矿 100.00 1.44 100.00 硝酸铅 500 锂辉石粗精矿 25.00 5.21 91.53 尾矿 74.44 0.16 9.29 给矿 100.00 4.31 100.00 氯化铁 300 锂辉石粗精矿 25.16 5.18 91.59 尾矿 74.84 0.16 8.41 给矿 100.00 1.42 100.00
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表 7 锂辉石捕收剂种类浮选实验结果
Table 7. Flotation test results of spodumene collectors
捕收剂种类及
用量/（g/t 原矿）产品名称 产率/ % Li2O
品位/%Li2O
回收率/%氧化石蜡皂
900粗精矿 27.20 4.82 90.91 尾矿 72.80 0.18 9.09 给矿 100.00 1.44 100.00 环烷酸皂
900粗精矿 27.60 4.92 91.69 尾矿 72.40 0.17 8.31 给矿 100.00 1.48 100.00 苯甲羟肟酸
1 000粗精矿 24.40 5.22 88.45 尾矿 75.60 0.22 11.55 给矿 100.00 1.44 100.00 有机酸AS
900粗精矿 25.16 5.32 91.79 尾矿 74.84 0.16 8.21 给矿 100.00 1.46 100.00
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表 8 闭路实验结果
Table 8. Closed-circuit test results
产品名称 产率/ % Li2O品位/% Li2O回收率/% 锂云母精矿 8.48 2.92 15.47 锂辉石精矿 17.92 6.36 71.20 锂云母+锂辉石合计 26.40 5.26 86.67 尾矿 73.60 0.29 13.33 原矿 100.00 1.60 100.00
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