中国红柱石资源与选矿研究现状

刘宇墨; 纳瑜; 李钊; 陈敏; 黄俊玮; 代淑娟; 李鹏程

doi:10.12476/kczhly.202411140301

中国红柱石资源与选矿研究现状

1.
辽宁科技大学矿业工程学院，辽宁　鞍山　114000

2.
辽宁科技大学化学工程学院，辽宁　鞍山　114000

3.
中国地质科学院郑州矿产综合利用研究所　河南　郑州　450006

基金项目: 辽宁省教育厅项目（JYTQN2023240）

详细信息

作者简介: 刘宇墨（2000-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为矿物加工工程

通讯作者: 李钊（1991-），男，副教授，博士，研究方向为矿物加工工程

中图分类号: TD97

收稿日期: 2024-11-14

刊出日期: 2025-08-25

Research Status of Andalusite Resources and its Beneficiation in China

1.
School of Mining Engineering, Liaoning University of Science and Technology, Anshan, Liaoning 114000, China

2.
School of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning University of Science and Technology, Anshan, Liaoning 114000, China

3.
Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450006, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Zhao, lizhao@ustl.edu.cn

Received Date: 14 November 2024

Publish Date: 25 August 2025

摘要

摘要:
红柱石是一种天然无水铝硅酸盐矿物，具有良好的耐高温性能，是制备高级耐火材料和铝硅合金的重要原料，在建材、陶瓷、航空等行业具有广泛应用。中国红柱石资源分布广、储量大，但大部分天然红柱石原矿品位低、嵌布粒度不均匀，需经选别富集后方可利用。红柱石选矿流程，根据其原矿嵌布粒度，可划分为粗粒级选矿与细粒级选矿。粗粒级红柱石选矿，主要采用选择碎磨-筛分或重介质选矿工艺；细粒级红柱石选矿，则主要采用酸性浮选-强磁选工艺。本文介绍了红柱石矿物的晶体结构与理化性质，详细分析总结了中国红柱石矿产资源分布与选别工艺研究现状，并对其未来发展方向进行了合理展望。
- 红柱石 /
- 资源概况 /
- 耐火材料 /
- 选矿工艺
Abstract:
Andalusite is a natural anhydrous aluminosilicate mineral with high temperature resistance. As an important raw material for preparing high-grade refractory materials and aluminum-silicon alloys, it is widely utilized in building materials, ceramics, aviation and other industries. The andalusite resources in China are widely distributed and abundant, but most of the raw andalusite are within low grade and fine grain distribution, needing obligatory beneficiation. The beneficiation process of andalusite can be divided into coarse-grained beneficiation and fine-grained beneficiation according to its raw distribution size. The processing of coarse-grained andalusite mainly adopts selective grinding-screening or heavy medium beneficiation technology. Fine-grained andalusite is mainly beneficiated through acid flotation as well as high intensity magnetic separation. In this paper, the crystal structure as well as the physical and chemical properties of andalusite were introduced, the present situation of mineral resource distribution and beneficiation technology of andalusite in China were analyzed in detail. The reasonable prospects of the future development of andalusite were also provided.
- andalusite /
- resources survey /
- refractories /
- beneficiation technology

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图 1 红柱石晶体结构

Figure 1.

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表 1 中国主要的红柱石矿区及其矿源主要伴生矿物及其特点

Table 1. China's major rhodochrosite mining areas and their sources of the main associated minerals and their characteristics

国内主要矿区	主要成分	红柱石晶体形态
河南西峡^[19]	红柱石变斑状黑云母、石英片岩、磁铁矿等	晶形较大且完好，斑晶内有黑色泥碳
陕西眉县^[20]	红柱石黑云母角岩、赤铁矿等	粗粒的斑晶状、雏晶状，石英、绢云母、钦铁矿等包裹在晶体内
新疆霍拉沟^[21]	红柱石、石英、黑云母、铁矿物	呈自形-半自形柱状，存在云母包裹体
辽宁^[18]	红柱石、石英、黑云母、铁矿物	结晶体粒度较粗，含有碳质包裹体
内蒙古^[22]	红柱石、云母、石英、铁矿物	部分呈柱状，有少量碳质，较多石英

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表 2 红柱石精矿耐火性能测定结果

Table 2. Determination results of the refractory property of rhodochrosite concentrate

温度/℃	50	100	150	200	250	300	400	500	600	700	800	900	1 000	1 100	1 200	1 300
线膨胀系数	+0.02	-0.06	-0.03	+0.01	+0.05	-0.03	-0.04	+0.1	+0.19	+0.27	+0.36	+0.44	+0.53	+0.63	+0.73	+0.83
耐火度/℃	>1 790

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表 3 常用红柱石酸性浮选捕收剂种类及优缺点

Table 3. Types of commonly used erythrite acidic flotation traps and their advantages and disadvantages

捕收剂种类	优点	缺点
多胺^[46]	多胺表面形成的氨基团中的H原子与红柱石表面的O原子形成氢键，结构稳定，捕收效果较好，回收率可达近90%	需在pH=2～2.5的强酸条件下实现
石油磺酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠^[1]	浮选精矿品位较高，可达56.29%	回收率较低
石油磺酸钠、十二胺^[53]	可平衡精矿回收率与品位保持都保持在40%左右
羟肟酸^[47]	精矿品位较高	回收率较低
M50、S79^[48]	可得到红柱石精矿红柱石含量91.02%、回收率为72.42%	需在pH=2～3的强酸条件下实现

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中国红柱石资源与选矿研究现状

1. 辽宁科技大学矿业工程学院，辽宁 鞍山 114000 2. 辽宁科技大学化学工程学院，辽宁 鞍山 114000 3. 中国地质科学院郑州矿产综合利用研究所 河南 郑州 450006

作者简介: 刘宇墨（2000-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为矿物加工工程

通讯作者: 李钊（1991-），男，副教授，博士，研究方向为矿物加工工程

Research Status of Andalusite Resources and its Beneficiation in China

Corresponding author: LI Zhao, lizhao@ustl.edu.cn

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1.
辽宁科技大学矿业工程学院，辽宁　鞍山　114000

2.
辽宁科技大学化学工程学院，辽宁　鞍山　114000

3.
中国地质科学院郑州矿产综合利用研究所　河南　郑州　450006