GEOCHEMISTRY AND EVALUATION OF ATMOSPHERIC DRY AND WET DEPOSITION IN JINGDE-NINGGUO AREA, ANHUI PROVINCE
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摘要:
以安徽旌德-宁国地区大气干湿沉降物为研究对象，共采集6处干湿沉降物样品24件，对大气干湿沉降元素含量特征、通量特征进行对比分析，对干湿沉降元素含量及分布特征加以统计研究，并开展大气干湿沉降环境地球化学评价.结果显示：1）大气干湿沉降元素主要以矿物相形式存在或吸附在固体颗粒上，且受周边环境影响；2）干沉降中Cd、Se的高含量会对研究区土壤污染造成较大影响，湿沉降中部分样点pH超灌溉水水质标准，所有点均达到地表水Ⅱ类环境质量标准；3）区内重金属元素年沉降通量密度为，As年沉降通量低，Hg、Ni、Pb、Cr、Cu、Cd偏低，Zn偏高；4）大气干湿沉降重金属元素通量一般表现为丘陵山区小于城镇及工矿区，主要受燃煤燃烧、尾气排放及人为活动等影响；5）大气干湿沉降物环境地球化学单指标和综合指标评价结果均为一等.
Abstract:Taking the atmospheric dry and wet deposition in Jingde-Ningguo area of Anhui Province as study object, a total of 24 samples are collected from 6 sites to comparatively analyzes the element content and flux characteristics of atmospheric dry and wet deposition, statistically study the element content and distribution features of dry and wet deposition, and carry out the environmental geochemical evaluation as well. The results show that atmospheric dry and wet deposition elements mainly exist in the form of mineral facies or adsorbed on solid particles, and they are affected by surrounding environment. The high Cd and Se contents in dry deposition have great impact on soil pollution in the study area, the pH values of some wet deposition sampling sites exceed the irrigation water quality criteria, and all sites reach the Grade Ⅱ surface water environmental quality standard. As to the annual deposition flux density of heavy metal elements, the deposition flux of As is low, Hg, Ni, Pb, Cr, Cu and Cd lower, and Zn higher. The flux of heavy metal elements in dry and wet atmospheric deposition is generally smaller in hilly areas than in towns and industrial/mining areas, mainly affected by coal combustion, exhaust gas emission and human activities. The evaluation results of environmental geochemistry single index and comprehensive index for atmospheric dry and wet deposition are both Grade Ⅰ.
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表 1 干湿沉降滤液分析方法
Table 1. Analysis methods of atmospheric dry and wet deposition filtrate
测定项目 处理方法 分析方法 As、Hg 1+1王水溶样 AFS Se 高氯酸冒烟 AFS F 直接取样 ISE Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn 直接取样 ICP-MS 
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表 2 研究区大气干湿沉降中元素含量特征
Table 2. Element contents of atmospheric dry and wet deposition in the study area
元素 湿沉降/（μg/L） 干沉降/10-6 平均值 最大值 最小值 平均值 最大值 最小值 As < 0.4 9.1 13.2 5.8 Hg < 0.05 0.381 1.035 0.149 Cd 0.233 0.430 0.075 4.699 8.723 0.877 Cr 5.35 12.17 2.69 151.7 196.4 106.3 Ni 0.30 0.49 0.18 54.2 62.4 47.1 Cu 1.92 3.56 1.13 179.2 261.8 101.1 Pb 1.86 3.99 0.13 301.0 456.6 133.5 Zn 107.81 199.25 15.65 567.2 955.4 183.0 Se 0.49 0.72 0.38 4.91 6.94 3.95 F < 0.1 0.10 369 444 310 pH 6.14 7.22 5.26
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表 3 研究区湿沉降元素含量特征
Table 3. Characteristics of wet deposition element content in the study area
大气沉降点号 地理位置 灌溉水水质标准 地表水环境质量标准 YDQ01 广德市四合乡张家湾 Zn Ⅱ类水 YDQ02 宁国市青龙乡 Zn Ⅱ类水 YDQ03 宁国市万家乡云山村 pH超标 Cd、Zn Ⅱ类水，pH超标 YDQ04 宁国市霞西镇山门村 pH超标 pH超标 YDQ05 泾县汀溪乡棋盘村 YDQ06 绩溪县杨溪镇牛皮石达 Zn Ⅱ类水
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表 4 研究区大气干湿沉降物元素年沉降通量密度地球化学参数统计表
Table 4. Geochemical parameters of annual deposition flux density of atmospheric dry and wet deposition elements
元素 算术均值 标准偏差 最大值 最小值 几何均值 全国几何均值 区内均值/全国均值 所处百分位数 As 0.2247 0.0790 0.3740 0.1350 0.2150 2.4500 0.09 0.5~10 Hg 0.0108 0.0107 0.03120 0.0031 0.0076 0.0360 0.21 0.5~50 Cd 0.2332 0.0960 0.3740 0.1150 0.2160 0.4820 0.45 10~75 Cr 5.9190 1.4900 8.1880 4.4160 5.7690 15.0800 0.38 10~50 Ni 1.5315 0.3500 2.0730 1.1250 1.4990 5.9000 0.25 0.5~25 Cu 5.5534 1.969 8.9070 2.9940 5.3500 13.0900 0.41 10~50 Pb 8.2050 2.8220 12.3010 5.2820 7.8130 22.9900 0.34 5~50 Zn 71.9156 54.8600 150.7050 23.7680 55.8710 70.1100 0.80 10~80 Se 0.3605 0.1450 0.5580 0.2090 0.3360 F 15.5980 15.7600 47.4070 7.3330 11.8250 注：①区内均值/全国均值中的均值为几何均值；②所处百分位数是指区内大气干湿沉降重金属元素年沉降通量密度位于全国大气干湿沉降物重金属元素年沉降通量密度频率统计中位置；③通量密度单位：mg/(m2·a).
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表 5 不同地区大气干湿沉降重金属元素沉降通量对比统计表
Table 5. Comparison of deposition flux of heavy metal elements in atmospheric dry and wet deposition among different regions
地区 As Hg Cd Cr Ni Cu Pb Zn 资料来源 研究区 城镇及工矿区 0.2357 0.0156 0.2443 6.5532 1.5796 5.6303 7.2231 83.8201 本文 研究区 丘陵山区 0.2137 0.0060 0.2221 5.2848 1.4834 5.4765 9.1869 60.0111 本文 研究区 全区 0.2247 0.0108 0.2332 5.9190 1.5315 5.5534 8.2050 71.9156 本文 北京平原区 2.9000 0.0240 0.2400 11.8600 6.6000 14.2000 21.0000 54.4900 文献[13] 河北南部 3.1690 0.0700 0.8550 15.6520 7.2410 13.7110 30.4880 168.9720 文献[10] 成都经济区 2.7700 0.1000 1.7700 - - - 45.9500 147.8300 文献[8] 南京市 4.0500 0.0400 0.7000 16.9000 - 46.0000 48.5000 248.0000 文献[30] 长江三角洲 1.5700 0.0300 0.4100 13.2000 4.6000 13.9000 35.9000 89.5000 文献[31] 全国均值 2.4500 0.0360 0.4800 15.0800 5.9000 13.0900 22.9900 70.1100 通量单位：mg/(m2·a).
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表 6 大气干湿沉降通量环境地球化学等级分级标准值
Table 6. Environmental geochemical grading values of atmospheric dry and wet deposition flux
评价指标 年通量/（mg/m2·a） 等级 一等 二等 Cd ≤3 ＞3 Hg ≤0.5 ＞0.5
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