HYDROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GUANTAO GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR IN EASTERN JIYUAN-KAIFENG SAG: Implication for Its Formation
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摘要:
对济源-开封凹陷东段馆陶组地热水进行分析研究发现, 其水化学性质为中性水、盐水、极硬水, 以Cl-Na型水为主, 其化学特征、控制因素、特征系数等与上部明化镇组地热水、第四系地下水及地表水差异明显. 馆陶组地热水为陆相含盐岩地层沉积型溶滤水, 赋存介质为砂岩孔隙, 区域发育的断裂、裂隙为其提供导热和运移的通道, 在大地热流的传导增温下, 不断发生溶滤作用、蒸发浓缩作用等, 同时热储层封闭性良好, 热水运移较停滞, 还原性彻底, 浓缩程度高. 开封断隆内馆陶组地热水的以上特征与开封-兰考断陷相比程度更高.
Abstract:The analysis of geothermal water of Guantao Formation in eastern Jiyuan-Kaifeng sag shows that the geothermal water is hydrochemically neutral water, salt water and extra-hard water, mainly Cl-Na type, and its chemical characteristics, controlling factors and characteristic coefficients are significantly different from those in upper Minghuazhen Formation, Quaternary groundwater and surface water. The geothermal water in Guantao Formation is sedimentary type of lixiviation water in continental salt rock strata, occurred in sandstone pores, with regional faults and fissures as channels for heat conduction and migration, and terrestrial heat flow for heat conduction and warming, accompanied by constant lixiviation, evaporation and concentration. On the other hand, due to the well sealed geothermal reservoir, the migration of geothermal water is much stagnant, which contribute to the complete reducibility and higher concentration degree of geothermal water. Compared with Kaifeng-Lankao fault depression, the geothermal water in Guantao Formation of Kaifeng fault uplift shows higher degree of reducibility and concentration.
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Key words:
- geothermal resources /
- Guantao Formation /
- hydrochemistry /
- groundwater /
- geothermal reservoir /
- Jiyuan-Kaifeng sag /
- Henan Province
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表 1 馆陶组地热井基本情况
Table 1. Basic information of geothermal wells in Guantao Formation
地热井编号 开封断隆 开封-兰考断陷 KF1 KF2 LK1 LK2 LK3 LK4 LK5 LK6 LK7 LK8 顶板埋深/m 1520 1450 1288 1556 1300 1312 1578 1624 1261 1382 盖层地温梯度/（℃/hm） 2.79 2.92 4.06 3.55 3.25 3.50 3.53 3.31 3.31 3.76 地层厚度/m 881.36 692.48 615.80 330.83 684.00 672.00 371.97 668.10 646.22 643.75 含水层总厚度/m 351.81 252.35 156.10 270.31 197.58 233.00 320.96 306.90 353.30 358.40 静水位埋深/m 78.9 58.1 38.5 51.5 55.0 49.9 52.0 49.5 47.0 54.5 出水温度/℃ 84 82 74 72 76 75 72 73 70 74 出水量/（m3/h） 96 80 103 97 130 107 120 126 131 115 单位涌水量/[m3/（h·m）] 2.08 2.21 11.49 4.20 11.82 4.13 6.35 6.67 6.78 5.35 抽水降深/m 46.1 36.1 9.0 23.1 11.0 26.0 18.9 18.9 19.3 21.5 
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表 2 地热水主要离子测试结果
Table 2. Test results of main ions in geothermal water
分区 地热井 取水层 pH TDS/（mg/L） 总硬度/（mg/L） （Na++K+）/
（mmol/L）Ca2+/
（mmol/L）Mg2+/
（mmol/L）Cl-/
（mmol/L）SO42-/
（mmol/L）HCO3-/
（mmol/L）水化学类型 开封断隆 KF1 Ng 6.7 31393.00 10969.00 339.72 174.00 44.79 542.47 3.42 1.85 Cl-Na·Ca KF2 Ng 7.2 17421.7 3932.00 221.90 61.33 17.30 298.51 1.38 1.77 Cl-Na *CK1 Nm 8.3 722.16 20.00 8.30 0.20 0.20 0.98 0.90 7.30 HCO3-Na *CK2 Q 7.6 617.92 21.90 4.27 4.05 3.76 2.11 2.29 7.69 HCO3-Na·Ca·Mg 开封-兰考断陷 LK1 Ng 7.1 14210.00 421.28 205.73 35.08 7.01 228.35 13.04 2.42 Cl-Na LK2 Ng 7.5 10507.93 1234.09 147.79 20.48 4.18 167.49 12.65 2.86 Cl-Na LK3 Ng 7.5 12478.9 1540.40 173.11 24.85 5.93 199.98 12.62 2.75 Cl-Na LK4 Ng 7.3 18718.50 3256.68 286.26 55.51 9.58 297.48 8.40 2.66 Cl-Na LK5 Ng 6.7 17720.00 1870.00 124.42 31.73 5.59 260.37 14.37 2.31 Cl-Na LK6 Ng 6.7 19710.00 1957.00 168.28 31.00 6.25 275.52 12.45 2.31 Cl-Na LK7 Ng 7.8 12232.92 1562.32 184.15 25.07 6.15 186.23 14.47 3.30 Cl-Na LK8 Ng 6.8 20158.00 1981.00 132.82 40.07 5.10 276.82 12.51 2.05 Cl-Na *CK3 Nm 8.1 1594.65 34.50 26.25 0.43 0.26 12.07 5.66 9.08 Cl·HCO3-Na *CK4 Q 7.7 1030.00 476.30 9.92 2.52 7.13 4.82 1.13 14.23 HCO3-Na·Mg 地表水 *CK5 黄河水 7.8 886.35 271.17 3.72 3.10 2.05 2.38 3.15 3.31 HCO3·SO4·Cl-Na·Ca 注: *数据引自文献[20-22]; 总硬度为以CaCO3计; CO32-的含量为0, 未列入表中.
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表 3 研究区地下水特征系数
Table 3. Characteristic coefficients of groundwater in the study area
分区 编号 取水层 变质系数 脱硫系数 盐化系数 开封断隆 KF1 Ng 0.62 0.63 292.59 KF2 Ng 0.73 0.46 168.65 CK1 Nm 8.43 91.84 0.13 CK2 Q 2.03 108.59 0.27 开封-兰考断陷 LK1 Ng 0.9 5.71 94.24 LK2 Ng 0.88 7.55 58.66 LK3 Ng 0.86 6.31 72.72 LK4 Ng 0.96 2.83 111.71 LK5 Ng 0.47 5.52 112.67 LK6 Ng 0.6 4.52 119.22 LK7 Ng 0.98 7.77 56.5 LK8 Ng 0.47 4.52 135.1 CK3 Nm 2.17 46.9 1.33 CK4 Q 2.05 23.47 0.34
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