LONG-TERM ONSHORE PRODUCTION TEST OF NATURAL GAS HYDRATE IN ALASKA, US: Progress and enlightenment for China
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摘要:
随着天然气水合物勘查试采工作的不断深入, 世界主要国家以实现水合物产业化开发为目标的科学理论研究和技术装备研发面临发展瓶颈, 目前仅中国、日本、美国等几个国家仍在积极推进旨在突破上述发展瓶颈的长期水合物试采工作. 日美两国自2014年就阿拉斯加长期陆域试采项目达成合作意向以来, 基本完成了产气试验前的准备工作. 本文在梳理总结已开展的中短期水合物试采项目及长期试采必要性的基础上, 重点介绍了项目团队对试采场地的选择、地层测试井的钻探以及基于数据采集的目标储层表征, 认为我国在缺少可供长期陆域试采的合适区域的情况下, 可加强与俄罗斯在水合物勘查开发相关领域(尤其是长期陆域试采)的深入交流与合作. 尽管我国的水合物试采工作在产气时长、日最高产气量和累计产气量等方面处于领先, 但应针对钻井、完井、人工举升、地质力学、出砂、防砂等领域加强科学理论研究和关键技术攻关.
Abstract:With the continuous deepening of natural gas hydrate exploration and production test, the industrialization of hydrate development meets a bottleneck for the scientific theoretical research and technical equipment development in major countries of the world. At present, only a few countries such as China, Japan and the United States are still actively promoting long-term hydrate production test to break the bottleneck. Since 2014, when Japan and the United States reached an intention to cooperate on a long-term onshore production test project in Alaska, the two countries have basically completed the preparatory work before the gas production test. Based on the summary of previous short- and medium-term hydrate production test projects and necessity of long-term production test, the paper focuses on the project team's selection of test sites, drilling of formation test wells as well as characterization of target reservoirs based on data acquisition. It is suggested that China may strengthen in-depth exchanges and cooperation with Russia in the fields related to hydrate exploration and development (especially long-term onshore production test) as the absence of suitable areas for long-term onshore production test. Although China has led the way in hydrate production test in terms of gas production duration, maximum daily gas production and cumulative gas production, the scientific theoretical research and key technical development should also be strengthened in the fields of drilling, well completion, artificial lift, geomechanics and sand controlling.
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Key words:
- methane hydrate /
- onshore production test /
- Alaska /
- United States
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表 1 全球水合物试采情况对比
Table 1. Comparison of global hydrate production test projects
国家 加拿大 美国 日本 中国 试采次数 第一次陆域试采 第二次陆域试采 第三次陆域试采 第一次陆域试采 第二次陆域试采 第一次海域试采 第二次海域试采 第一次陆域试采 第二次陆域试采 第一次海域试采 第二次海域试采 时间 2002年 2007年 2008年 2007年 2012年 2013年 2017年 2011年 2016年 2017年 2019—2020年 作业区域 麦肯齐三角洲 麦肯齐三角洲 麦肯齐三角洲 阿拉斯加北坡 阿拉斯加北坡 第二渥美海丘 第二渥美海丘 祁连山木里地区 祁连山木里地区 南海神狐海域 南海神狐海域 作业水深/m — — — — — 约1000 约1000 — — 1266 1310 储层深度/m 地表以下约900 地表以下约1100 地表以下约1100 — 地表以下约700 海底以下约300 海底以下约350 地表以下146~305 地表以下340~350 海底以下203~277 海底以下171~196 储层条件 砂质 砂质 砂质 砂质 砂质 砂质 砂质 粉砂质/砂质/泥质 粉砂质/砂质/泥质 泥质粉砂 泥质粉砂 生产井名称 Mallik 5L-38 Mallik 2L-38 Mallik 2L-38 Mount Elbert 1 Igġnik Sikumi AT1-P AT1-P3 AT1-P2 — — SHSC-4 SHSC 2-6 开采方法 热激法+降压法 降压法 降压法 降压法 二氧化碳-甲烷置换法+降压法 降压法 降压法 降压法 降压法+热激法 水平对接井+降压法 降压法 水平井+降压法 人工举升类型 模块化动态地层测试器 电潜泵 电潜泵 模块化动态地层测试器 喷射泵 电潜泵 电潜泵 电潜泵 — — 电潜泵→气举 电潜泵 防砂 无 无 套管井独立筛管 砂筛 套管井独立筛管 砾石充填 带有形状记忆聚合物的GeoFORM筛管 带有形状记忆聚合物的GeoFORM筛管 — — 带砾石充填的改进后预充填筛管 砾石充填采用超轻质陶粒辅助的创新性旁通预充填筛管 增产措施 射孔 射孔 之前工作的影响 无，裸眼井 — 无 无 SMP活化液的影响 — — 微水力压裂 压裂和表皮效应去除 压降/MPa 约2.4 约3.5 约7.3 约4 约6.7 约9 约8 约5（稳定阶段） — — — — 产气持续时间 125 h 12.5 h 6 d 6~12 h 30 d 6 d 12 d 24 d 101 h 23 d 60 d 30 d 累计产气量/m3 516* 830 1.3×104 — 2.4×104 11.9×104 4.1×104 22.3×104 95 1078.4 30.9×104 86.1×104 日均产气量/m3 94 1600 2200 — 800 2×104 3400 9270 22.62 46.89 5151 2.9×104 日最高产气量/m3 350 2000 4000 — 5000 约2.5×104 约0.5×104 约1.5×104 — 136.55 3.5×104 — 生产井中的测量 压力、温度（内置工具） 压力、温度（电潜泵测量） 压力、温度（点传感器） 压力、温度（内置工具） 压力、温度（DTS） 压力、温度（点传感器） 压力、温度（阵列） 压力、温度（阵列） — — 温度（点传感器和DTS） 压力和温度 监测井中的测量 温度（DTS）、声学层析成像 无 无 — 无 温度（DTS和RTD阵列） 温度（DTS和RTD阵列）、压力（点传感器） 温度（DTS和RTD阵列）、压力（点传感器） — — — — 停产原因 出砂 出砂 出砂 — 出砂 出砂 出砂 天气影响 — — 电潜泵电源电缆故障 — 注: *其中468 m3气体是试采过程中产出的, 48 m3气体是压井作业过程中产出的. "-"表示无可用数据. 
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