SUITABILITY EVALUATION OF GROUND SUBSTRATE BASED ON AHP-GIS: A Case Study of Shuangliao-Dongfeng Region in Jilin Province
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摘要:
以双辽-东丰地区为研究对象, 利用GIS空间分析和层次分析法(AHP), 评价地表基质是否适宜支撑该地区的林地、草地、耕地等土地利用类型. 选取地形、地表基质物理特征、化学特征、气候特征等4个方面共12项指标, 构建地表基质适宜性评价模型. 评价结果表明: 区域内地表基质适宜性整体良好, Ⅰ、Ⅱ级区域总面积为5 072.78 km2, 占比41.55%, 主要分布于研究区中部平原地区和东南部沟谷地区; Ⅲ级区域总面积为3 609.91 km2, 占比29.57%, 呈零星状分布于研究区全域; Ⅳ、Ⅴ级区域总面积为3 525.84 km2, 占比28.88%, 集中分布于研究区西部平原地区, 分布东南部丘陵地区. 与传统土地利用适宜性评价相比, 此评价嵌入了地表基质相关指标, 以期为地表基质调查服务支撑国土空间综合利用找寻突破点, 为地表基质适宜性评价下一步工作提供思路.
Abstract:Taking Shuangliao-Dongfeng region as the study object, the GIS spatial analysis and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) are used to evaluate whether the ground substrate is suitable for the land use types such as forest land, grassland and cultivated land in the region. The evaluation model of ground substrate suitability is constructed with 12 indexes from 4 aspects including terrain, physical and chemical properties of ground substrate, and climate characteristics. The evaluation results show that the overall suitability of ground substrate in the region is good, and the total area of Grade I and II is 5 072.78 km2, accounting for 41.55%, mainly distributed in the central plain and southeastern gully area. The total area of Grade III is 3 609.91 km2, accounting for 29.57%, distributed sporadically throughout the study area. The total area of Grade IV and V is 3 525.84 km2, accounting for 28.88%, concentrated in the western plain area, with minors distributed in the southeastern hilly area. Compared with the traditional evaluation of land use suitability, the evaluation of this study embeds the related indicators of ground substrate to seek a breakthrough for the comprehensive utilization of land space by ground substrate survey and provide ideas for the following work of ground substrate suitability evaluation.
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Key words:
- ground substrate /
- AHP /
- GIS /
- suitability evaluation /
- Jilin Province
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表 1 地表基质适宜性评价因子权重
Table 1. Factor weight of ground substrate suitability evaluation
目标层 准则层 准则层权重 指标层 指标层权重 指标层对总目标层的权重 地表基质适宜性评价 地形 0.3765 坡度 0.6491 0.2444 坡向 0.2790 0.1050 高程 0.0719 0.0271 地表基质物理特征 0.3946 质地 0.2632 0.1038 有效土层厚度 0.0573 0.0226 垂向结构 0.5017 0.1980 容重 0.1778 0.0702 地表基质化学特征 0.1556 有机质含量 0.5278 0.0821 全碳 0.3325 0.0517 pH值 0.1396 0.0217 气候 0.0733 降水 0.8333 0.0611 气温 0.1667 0.0122 量化分值 5 4 3 2 1 地形 坡度/(°) < 5 5~10 10~15 15~20 > 20 坡向/(°) S (157.5~202.5) SW/SE (112.5~157.5/202.5~247.5) W/E (67.5~112.5/247.5~292.5) NW/NE (22.5~67.5/292.5~337.5) N (337.5~22.5) 高程/m 归一化处理, 高程越小越适宜 地表基质物理特征 质地 壤土 壤质黏土/黏质壤土 黏土/砂质壤土 砂质黏土/壤质砂土 砂土/粗骨土/岩石/砾质 垂向结构 壤土-黏土/壤土-壤土 黏土-壤土/砂土-壤土/壤土-砂土 壤土-岩石/砂土-黏土/砂土-壤土 黏土-岩石/砂土-岩石/砂土-砂土 粗骨土-粗骨土/粗骨土-岩石 容重 1.1~1.3 1.0~1.1/ 1.3~1.4 0.9~1.0/ 1.4~1.5 0.8~0.9/ 1.5~1.6 < 0.8/ > 1.6 有效土层厚度/cm 归一化处理, 有机质含量越高越适宜 地表基质化学特征 有机质含量/10-3 归一化处理, 有机质含量越高越适宜 pH值 6.5~7.0 6.0~6.5/ 7~7.5 5.0~6.0/ 7.5~8.5 4.5~5.0/ 8.5~9.0 < 4.5/ > 9.0 全碳/% 归一化处理, 全碳含量越高越适宜 气候 降水/mm 归一化处理, 降水越大越适宜 气温/℃ 归一化处理, 气温越高越适宜 
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表 2 地表基质适宜性因子量化标准
Table 2. Factor quantification criteria of ground substrate suitability evaluation
量化分值 5 4 3 2 1 地形 坡度/（°） < 5 5~10 10~15 15~20 ＞20 坡向/（°） S（157.5~202.5） SW/SE（112.5~157.5/202.5~247.5） W/E（67.5~112.5/247.5~292.5） NW/NE（22.5~67.5/292.5~337.5） N（337.5~22.5） 高程/m 归一化处理，高程越小越适宜 地表基质物理特征 质地 壤土 壤质黏土/黏质壤土 黏土/砂质壤土 砂质黏土/壤质砂土 砂土/粗骨土/岩石/砾质 垂向结构 壤土-黏土/壤土-壤土 黏土-壤土/砂土-壤土/壤土-砂土 壤土-岩石/砂土-黏土/砂土-壤土 黏土-岩石/砂土-岩石/砂土-砂土 粗骨土-粗骨土/粗骨土-岩石 容重 1.1~1.3 1.0~1.1/ 1.3~1.4 0.9~1.0/ 1.4~1.5 0.8~0.9/ 1.5~1.6 ＜0.8/＞1.6 有效土层厚度/cm 归一化处理，有机质含量越高越适宜 地表基质化学特征 有机质含量/10-3 归一化处理，有机质含量越高越适宜 pH值 6.5~7.0 6.0~6.5/ 7~7.5 5.0~6.0/ 7.5~8.5 4.5~5.0/ 8.5~9.0 ＜4.5/＞9.0 全碳/% 归一化处理，全碳含量越高越适宜 气候 降水/mm 归一化处理，降水越大越适宜 气温/℃ 归一化处理，气温越高越适宜
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表 3 双辽-东丰地区各土地利用面积
Table 3. Areas of various land use types in Shuangliao-Dongfeng region
土地利用/覆盖类型 面积/km2 占比/% 耕地 8322.34 67.57 林地 2291.64 18.61 草地 219.59 1.78 水体 276.02 2.24 建设用地 937.75 7.61 裸地 269.03 2.18
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表 4 双辽-东丰地区地表基质适宜性综合评价分级标准
Table 4. Grading criteria of ground substrate suitability evaluation in Shuangliao-Dongfeng region
评价等级 等级说明 阈值划分 Ⅴ-待保护用地 地表基质物理及化学特征、地形特征、气候特征等各项因子得分均较低，已不适宜各种植被生长，应采取保护措施 2.0447~3.2143 Ⅳ-仅适宜草地 大多数因子得分均较低，已不适合耕地或林地等条件限制相对较多的用地，可种植草地缓慢恢复生态环境 3.2143~3.5381 Ⅲ-适宜林草等生态用地 少数因子得分低，对生产用地农作物生长已产生限制，适宜林地、草地等生长需求条件较低的生态用地 3.5381~3.8034 Ⅱ-基本适宜所有类型用地 大多数因子得分较高，只有个别因子得分相对较低，基本适宜各种用地类型需求 3.8034~4.0757 Ⅰ-适宜所有类型用地 地表基质物理及化学特征、地形特征、气候特征等各项因子得分均较高，适合各种用地类型需求 4.0757~4.8368
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表 5 双辽-东丰地区地表基质适宜性分析结果
Table 5. Analysis result of ground substrate suitability in Shuangliao-Dongfeng region
评价等级 面积/km2 占总面积比例/% Ⅴ-待保护用地 1326.70 10.87 Ⅳ-仅适宜草地 2199.14 18.01 Ⅲ-适宜林草等生态用地 3609.91 29.57 Ⅱ-基本适宜所有类型用地 3520.043 28.83 Ⅰ-适宜所有类型用地 1552.74 12.72
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