Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of surface soil carbon pool in Sanjiang Plain
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摘要:
三江平原作为东北黑土区最重要的粮食生产区和土壤碳库之一，其耕层土壤碳含量、分布特征及变化趋势一直是土壤学及生态学领域的研究热点. 基于1∶ 25万土地质量调查数据及全国第二次土壤普查数据，利用土地质量地球化学评价方法、土壤碳密度计算公式等，借助ArcGIS、SPSS等软件处理数据并绘制相关图表，研究三江平原土壤有机碳分布特征及其时空变化规律. 结果显示：研究区表层（0~0.2 m）土壤有机质整体丰富，全区表层土壤有机碳、全碳含量平均值分别为2.49%、2.67%，空间分布总体呈现“中东高-西低”的分布态势，表土有机碳密度均值为6.06 kg/m2，表层土壤全碳储量为581.3 Tg. 与第二次全国土壤普查成果相比，研究区65.7%的表层土壤有机质呈现下降趋势，表层土壤有机碳储量减少523.1 Tg，碳密度减少5.84 kg/m2. 近40年来三江平原研究区土壤有机质平均含量降低，但仍高于东北平原平均水平，是东北黑土区土壤碳储最为丰富的地区之一.
Abstract:Sanjiang Plain, as one of the most important grain production areas and soil carbon pools in the black soil region of Northeast China, has consistently been a research focus in soil science and ecology regarding the content, distribution characteristics, and variation trends of soil carbon in cultivated layer. Based on the data of 1 ∶ 250 000 land quality survey and the Second National Soil Survey, this paper studies the distribution characteristics and spatiotemporal variation patterns of soil organic carbon(SOC) in Sanjiang Plain through geochemical assessment methods for land quality, soil carbon density calculation, and data processing and mapping with ArcGIS and SPSS. The results indicate that the organic matter in the surface soil(0-0.2 m) of the study area is generally abundant, with the average SOC content of 2.49% and total carbon content of 2.67%, displaying a pattern of high in central-eastern areas and low in west spatially, with the average organic carbon density of 6.06 kg/m2 and the total carbon storage of 581.3 Tg in surface soil. The comparative analysis with the Second National Soil Survey reveals that 65.7% of surface soil organic matter shows decreasing trends, with the SOC storage decreasing by 523.1 Tg, accompanied by carbon density reduction of 5.84 kg/m2. Despite the decline in average content of soil organic matter over the past 40 years, Sanjiang Plain maintains higher SOC levels than the average of Northeast China Plain, remaining one of the areas with the richest soil carbon storage in the black soil region of Northeast China.
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Key words:
- soil /
- organic carbon /
- carbon pool /
- carbon density /
- Sanjiang Plain
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表 1 研究区土壤表层（0~0.2 m）碳含量统计
Table 1. Statistics of carbon content in the surface soil (0-0.2 m) of the study area
分类 样品数/件 平均值/% 最小值/% 最大值/% 标准差 全碳 20 397 2.67 0.3 39.11 1.36 有机碳 20 397 2.49 0.11 35.27 1.24 无机碳 20 397 0.18 0 11.09 0.3 
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表 2 三江平原土壤有机质评价等级分布面积及比例
Table 2. Distribution area and proportion of soil organic matter evaluation grades in Sanjiang Plain
等级 一等
（丰富）二等
（较丰富）三等
（中等）四等
（较缺乏）五等
（缺乏）面积/km2 44 402.67 24 416.98 16 008.52 4 457.43 285.79 占比/% 49.57 27.26 17.87 4.98 0.32
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表 3 研究区表层（0~0.2 m）土壤有机碳储量和密度变化特征表
Table 3. Variation of organic carbon storage and density in surface soil (0-0.2 m) of the study area
有机碳储量/Tg 有机碳密度/（kg/m2） 2010年代 1980年代 变化 2010年代 1980年代 变化 542.8 1065.9 -523.1 6.06 11.9 -5.84
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