Geochemistry and genesis of zinc-rich soil in Yao'an County, central Yunnan Province
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摘要:
基于滇中大姚、姚安、南华、双柏四县土地质量地球化学调查数据，研究姚安县土壤地球化学特征及富锌成因. 结果表明：姚安县表层土壤富锌（含量大于等于84×10－6）面积713.68 km2，占比41.94%. 受地质背景、成土母质、酸碱度等因素的影响，锌高值区主要分布于太平镇－栋川镇－光禄镇沿线平坝区内，呈近南北向面状展布. 以姚安平坝区为例，研究土壤富锌成因，认为锌主要来源于区内富碱斑岩区的含锌岩石矿物风化，受河流搬运作用，由于黏土的吸附作用，于第四系中坝区形成次生富集.
Abstract:Based on the geochemical survey data of land quality of four counties(Dayao, Yao'an, Nanhua and Shuangbai) in central Yunnan Province, this paper studies the soil geochemical characteristics and Zn enrichment genesis in Yao'an County. The results show that the Zn-rich surface soil(with Zn content greater than or equal to 84×10－6) covers an area of 713.68 km2, accounting for 41.94% of the total area. Influenced by factors such as geological background, soil parent materials, and pH levels, the high-Zn zones are primarily distributed in the flatland areas along Taiping Town-Dongchuan Town-Guanglu Town, exhibiting a nearly north-south belt. Taking the Yao'an flatland as an example, the study on Zn enrichment genesis reveals that Zn primarily originates from the weathering of minerals in Zn-bearing rocks in alkali-rich porphyry areas. Through river transportation and subsequent clay adsorption processes, secondary Zn enrichment is completed in the Quaternary central flatland areas.
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Key words:
- Zn-rich soil /
- geochemistry /
- genesis /
- Yao'an County /
- Yunnan Province
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表 1 研究区成土母质划分
Table 1. Classification of soil parent materials in the study area
成土母质类别 涉及地层（岩体） 主要岩性 面积/km2 碎屑岩区风化物 侏罗系、白垩系 砂岩、灰岩、泥岩、砂质泥岩、粉砂岩 1554.45 富碱斑岩区风化物 喜马拉雅期碱性粗面岩、正长斑岩，煌斑岩脉、云斜煌斑岩脉 碱性粗面岩、正长斑岩、煌斑岩、云斜煌斑岩 12.81 残坡积物 新近系 灰色砂岩、砂质泥岩夹煤层 14.80 冲洪积物 第四系 黏土、砂砾等 119.36 
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表 2 姚安县土壤锌含量特征
Table 2. Characteristics of Zn content in the soil of Yao'an County
统计单元 样品数 平均值 中位数 标准离差 变异系数 最大值 最小值 表层 算术平均 503 85.9 81.7 29.31 0.34 336 22 剔除高低值 473 81.1 81.2 15.59 0.19 127 34.6 云南省表层土壤* 6178 96 86 41 0.4 218 6 深层 算术平均 137 87.3 83.5 25.03 0.29 256 45.2 剔除高低值 133 84.6 82.9 18.04 0.21 137 45.2 云南省深层土壤* 1624 92 84 35 0.4 197 22 *数据引自文献[8]. 含量单位：10－6（质量分数）.
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表 3 锌元素在各统计单元中的分布特征
Table 3. Distribution characteristics of Zn in each statistical unit
统计单元 样品数 平均值 中位数 标准离差 变化系数 最大值 最小值 浓集克拉克值 第四系 32 94.31 94.5 21.88 0.23 143 53.4 1.10 新近系 4 84.23 82.9 6.61 0.08 93.4 77.7 0.98 碎屑岩区 358 80.08 80.75 13.13 0.32 336 22 0.93 富碱斑岩区 4 149.08 130.5 79.69 0.53 260 75.3 1.73 含量单位：10－6（质量分数）.
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表 4 灌溉水样品锌含量
Table 4. Zn content in irrigation water samples
采样地点 蜻蛉河上游 双甸河 洋派水库 康朗河 光禄镇水井 自久海水库 平均值/（μg/L） 1180 8.23 4.84 1.05 6.81 11
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表 5 各主要水系底泥样品锌含量
Table 5. Zn content in aquatic sediment samples from major river systems
水系 Zn平均值/10-6 Zn最大值/10-6 石者河 87 136 弥兴大河 105.09 136 渔泡江 81.6 81.6 马游河 81.58 108 梯子河 83.7 83.7 康朗河 42.8 42.8 中运河（蜻蛉河中段） 132.5 199 双甸河（蜻蛉河上游） 192.26 493 洋派水库 61.28 88.7 紫贝乌河 65.5 71.5
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表 6 土壤物理化学指标相关性分析统计表
Table 6. Correlation analysis statistics of soil physical and chemical indicators
pH SOM TFe2O3 Mn Al2O3 Pb Ag Zn pH 1 SOM -0.018 1 TFe2O3 0.194** 0.145** 1 Mn -0.129** 0.337** 0.467** 1 Al2O3 0.003 0.110* 0.806** 0.382** 1 Pb -0.058 0.082 0.094* 0.266** 0.174** 1 Ag -0.079 0.139** 0.014 0.258** 0.152** 0.941** 1 Zn 0.090* 0.244** 0.457** 0.474** 0.481** 0.540** 0.471** 1 *表示p＜0.05；**表示p＜0.01.
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