Stability evaluation of goaf collapse sites in typical coal mining subsidence areas
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摘要:
采空塌陷场地稳定性评价是后续开展工程建设的重要依据. 首先采用概率积分法计算采空区地表剩余移动变形值，包括剩余倾斜值、剩余曲率值、剩余水平变形值，然后定性与定量相结合，建立了采煤沉陷速率、累计沉陷量、地表剩余移动变形、采深采厚比、地面塌陷及地裂缝宏观稳定性等场地稳定性评价指标体系. 本研究以沈阳市某采煤沉陷区为例开展场地稳定性评价. 结果表明，不稳定区分布在研究区西部，面积约为1.64 km2，占全区面积的5.13%. 区内采深采厚比大于等于60，当前地表沉陷速率较高（≥ 60 mm/a），剩余地表移动变形值较大，地面塌陷、地裂缝较发育且仍在发展. 基本稳定区主要位于研究区东部，面积为2.34 km2，约占总面积的7.32%. 区内采空区深厚比介于35~60，地表沉陷速率为30~60 mm/a，剩余变形移动值中等，地面塌陷、地裂缝已基本稳定.
Abstract:The stability evaluation of goaf collapse sites serves as a crucial basis for subsequent engineering construction. The study first adopts the probability integration method to calculate the surface residual movement and deformation values in goaf areas, including residual tilt value, residual curvature and residual horizontal deformation value, and then establishes the site stability evaluation index system by integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches, incorporating factors such as coal mining subsidence rate, cumulative subsidence, surface residual movement and deformation, mining depth-to-thickness ratio, and macroscopic stability of ground collapses and ground fissures. Taking a coal mining subsidence area in Shenyang City as an example for site stability evaluation, the results show that the unstable zone is located in the western part of the study area, covering approximately 1.64 km2, accounting for 5.13% of the total area. In this zone, the mining depth-to-thickness ratio is greater than or equal to 60, with relatively high current surface subsidence rate(≥ 60 mm/a) and large residual surface movement and deformation values, and the ground collapses and fissures are well-developed and still evolving. The basically stable zone is primarily situated in the eastern part, with an area of 2.34 km2, representing about 7.32% of the total area. The mining depth-to-thickness ratio is 35-60, with the surface subsidence rate of 30-60 mm/a and moderate residual movement and deformation values. The ground collapse and fissure have largely stabilized.
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表 1 不同时间的削减系数参考值
Table 1. Reference values of reduction coefficient at different times
开采结束时间/a 1 2 5 10 20 ＜20 削减系数（η） 0.75 0.825 0.9 0.938 0.975 0.99 
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表 2 地表沉陷计算参数
Table 2. Calculation parameters of surface subsidence
采区 工作面编号 停采时间 下沉系数（q） 削减系数（η） 剩余下沉系数（q′） 水平移动系数（b） 主要影响角正切（tanβ） 南二采区 1# 0.86 0 0.86 0.25 2.5 2# 2021-11 0.86 0.75 0.22 0.25 2.5 西一采区 13# 2020-12 0.86 0.825 0.15 0.25 2.5 15# 2021-12 0.86 0.75 0.22 0.25 2.5 12# 2019-06 0.86 0.862 0.12 0.25 2.5 14# 2016-09 0.86 0.910 0.08 0.25 2.5 10# 2018-02 0.86 0.9 0.09 0.25 2.5 2# 2013-06 0.86 0.934 0.06 0.25 2.5 1# 2011-10 0.86 0.942 0.05 0.25 2.5 11# 2017-03 0.86 0.922 0.07 0.25 2.5 7# 2015-06 0.86 0.919 0.07 0.25 2.5 3# 2014-02 0.86 0.930 0.06 0.25 2.5 5# 2018-10 0.86 0.875 0.11 0.25 2.5 6# 2020-03 0.86 0.844 0.13 0.25 2.5
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表 3 按地表剩余移动变形值确定的场地稳定性等级
Table 3. Site stability grade by surface residual movement and deformation values
稳定状态 下沉速度Vw/（mm/d）及下沉值/mm 地表剩余移动变形值 剩余倾斜值Δi/(mm/m) 剩余曲率值ΔK/（10-3/m） 剩余水平变形值Δε/(mm/m) 稳定 Vw＜1.0，半年下沉值＜30 Δi＜3 ΔK＜0.2 Δε＜2 基本稳定 Vw＜1.0，半年下沉值≥30 3≤Δi＜10 0.2≤ΔK＜0.6 2≤Δε＜6 不稳定 Vw≥1.0 Δi≥10 ΔK≥0.6 Δε≥6
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表 4 场地稳定性评价分区标准
Table 4. Zoning standards of site stability evaluation
影响因素 不稳定区（Ⅰ） 基本稳定区（Ⅱ） 稳定区（Ⅲ） 地表沉陷速率/（mm/a） ≥60 30~60 ＜30 累计沉陷量/mm ≥300 150~300 ＜150 地表剩余移动变形 Δi≥10，ΔK≥0.6，Δε≥6 3≤Δi＜10，0.2≤ΔK＜0.6，2≤Δε＜6 Δi＜3，ΔK＜0.2，Δε＜2 采深采厚比 ＜35 35~60 ≥60 地面塌陷、地裂缝宏观稳定性 不稳定 基本稳定 稳定 因素间逻辑 或（∪） 非Ⅰ、Ⅲ区 与（∩）
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