煤系锗的赋存与分离研究进展

张致远; 滕道光; 曹亦俊; 李鹏

doi:10.13779/j.cnki.issn1001-0076.2022.06.002

煤系锗的赋存与分离研究进展

1.
郑州大学化工学院, 河南郑州 450000

2.
郑州大学中原关键金属实验室, 河南郑州 450000

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFC2902604）

详细信息

作者简介: 张致远（1999—），男，河南安阳人，在读博士，主要从事煤系关键金属的富集与分离研究。E-mail：1452357065@qq.com

通讯作者: 李鹏（1987—），男，安徽淮北人，副教授，博士，主要研究煤基固体碳资源的分离与材料化利用、褐煤解聚及煤基复合炭材料、煤系关键金属的富集与分离。E-mail：zdhglipeng@zzu.edu.cn。

中图分类号: TD849

收稿日期: 2022-11-15

刊出日期: 2022-12-26

Research Progress on the Occurrence and Separation of Germanium from Coal

1.
School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China

2.
Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Peng, zdhglipeng@zzu.edu.cn

Received Date: 15 November 2022

Publish Date: 26 December 2022

摘要

摘要:
锗是典型的稀散金属和战略性金属，我国的煤系含锗矿产资源具有典型的资源优势，但在锗的超常富集和提取方面依然面临诸多挑战。概述了煤中锗的分布特征、含量与赋存状态，证明阐述了煤系锗的典型浸出方法，如水冶法、微生物浸出法等从原煤直接浸出锗，以及水浸出法、无机酸浸出法、有机酸浸出法等从粉煤灰中浸出锗，以及煤系浸出液中锗的富集分离方法，包括溶剂萃取法、离子交换树脂法、支撑液膜法、离子浮选法等。此外，干馏挥锗法、碱熔—中和法、合金法、AlCl₃熔炼法、锌粉还原提锗法等也能实现煤系锗的分离。最后总结分析了锗分离提取存在的问题，并展望了发展方向。
- 煤中锗 /
- 锗 /
- 赋存状态 /
- 浸出 /
- 富集 /
- 分离
Abstract:
Germanium is a typical dispersive and strategic metal. Coal related germanium mineral resources in China have typical resource advantages, however there are still many challenges in the supernormal enrichment and extraction of germanium. The distribution characteristics, content and occurrence of germanium in coal were described, and the typical leaching methods of germanium in coal measures were summarized, such as direct leaching of germanium from raw coal by water metallurgy and microbial leaching, and leaching of germanium from fly ash by water leaching, inorganic acid leaching and organic acid leaching. Furthermore, the enrichment and separation methods of germanium from coal leaching liquid were summarized, including solvent extraction, ion exchange resin, supported liquid membranes and ion flotation. In addition, germanium could be separated from coal by dry distillation and volatilization, alkali melting neutralization, alloy process, AlCl₃ smelting, zinc powder reduction for germanium extraction, the existing problems of germanium separation were analyzed, and the development direction was prospected.
- germanium in coal /
- germanium /
- occurrence /
- leaching /
- enrichment /
- separation

HTML全文

图 1 煤系锗矿床成矿模式^[11]

Figure 1.

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图 2 五种模型化合物氢解离能^[19]（C，O，H分别为灰色、红色、白色）

Figure 2.

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图 3 水冶法提取煤中锗工艺流程（据文献[6]绘制）

Figure 3.

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图 4 微生物浸取煤中锗的工艺原则流程（据文献[34]绘制）

Figure 4.

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图 5 煤烟尘氯化浸出实验装置（根据文献[45]绘制）

Figure 5.

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图 6 典型锗萃取剂评估图^[35] （E_Ge（Ⅳ）：Ge(Ⅳ)的萃取；E_Fe（Ⅲ）：Fe(Ⅲ)的萃取；F_extractant：有机相中相对萃取剂的体积分数）

Figure 6.

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图 7 萃取法从煤灰中提取锗的流程（根据文献[6]绘制）

Figure 7.

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图 8 使用支撑离子液相（SILP）从富铁溶液中选择性回收锗^[53]

Figure 8.

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图 9 干馏流程（根据文献[65]绘制）

Figure 9.

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图 10 合金法提取煤中锗的流程^[27]

Figure 10.

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