Study on Preparation and Performance of Iron Tailings-based Ceramsite Concrete
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摘要:
随着矿冶行业的快速发展，尾矿堆积量逐年增多，特别是铁尾矿已成为国内研究者关注的焦点。先用铁尾矿制备轻质高强陶粒，然后以该陶粒作为轻骨料制备陶粒混凝土。采用正交试验研究水灰比、减水剂用量、砂用量、增稠剂用量对陶粒混凝土抗压强度及陶粒上浮的影响。通过试验确定该铁尾矿基陶粒混凝土的最佳方案为水灰比0.25、减水剂用量0.5%、砂用量20%、增稠剂用量0.12%。最终制得28 d抗压强度为67.33 MPa、抗折强度为8.1 MPa、体积密度1 940 kg/m3的高性能陶粒混凝土。研究中解决了轻骨料陶粒混凝土中陶粒上浮问题，实现了资源二次开发。
Abstract:With the rapid development of the mining and metallurgy industry, the amount of tailings accumulation is increasing year by year. In particular, iron tailings have become the focus of domestic researchers. Firstly, light high-strength ceramsite was prepared from iron tailings. Then the ceramsites were used as light aggregate to prepare ceramsite concrete. The effect of water-cement ratio, water reducing agent, sand and thickener on compressive strength and floating of ceramsite were studied with orthogonal test. Through experiments, the best scheme of the iron tailings-based ceramsite concrete was that the water-cement ratio was 0.25, the dosage of water reducer was 0.5%, the dosage of sand was 20% and the dosage of thickener was 0.12%. Finally, the 28-day high-performance ceramsite concrete with compressive strength of 67.33 MPa, flexural strength of 8.1 MPa and density of 1 940 kg/m3 was prepared. The floating problem of ceramsite in lightweight aggregate ceramsite concrete was solved.
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Key words:
- iron tailings /
- ceramsite /
- light aggregate /
- ceramsite concrete
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表 1 铁尾矿、黏土、钾长石的化学组成
Table 1. Chemical composition of iron tailings, clay and potash feldspar
/% 原料名称 SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 MgO CaO TiO K2O Na2O P2O5 烧失 铁尾矿 49.72 12.73 21.05 2.61 1.62 1.43 2.12 0.96 0.31 7.45 黏土 62.69 14.52 8.89 0.54 1.13 0.99 3.27 0 0.12 7.85 钾长石 67.96 10.90 2.28 0.96 2.45 0. 67 12.28 1.56 0 0.94 
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表 2 陶粒物理性能
Table 2. Physical properties of ceramsite
陶粒尺寸
/mm桶压强度
/MPa堆积密度
/（kg·m−3）吸水率
/%表观密度
/（kg·m−3）10±2 14.42 916 4.46 1521
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表 3 正交试验因素水平表
Table 3. Factor level tables for orthogonal experiments
水平 因素 水灰比A 减水剂用量B/% 砂用量C/% 增稠剂用量D/% 1 0.25 0.3 0 0.10 2 0.28 0.4 10 0.12 3 0.30 0.5 20 0.14
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表 4 试验方案及试验结果
Table 4. Experimental scheme and experimental results
试验 水灰比
A减水剂用量
B砂用量
C增稠剂用量
D28 d
强度/MPa陶粒
上浮① 1 1 1 1 51.75 否 ② 1 2 2 2 54.36 否 ③ 1 3 3 3 64.37 否 ④
⑤
⑥
⑦
⑧
⑨2
2
2
3
3
31
2
3
1
2
32
3
1
3
1
23
1
2
2
3
148.40
57.33
62.50
44.53
47.25
47.37否
否
否
是
是
是
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表 5 试验结果分析
Table 5. Analysis of experimental results
指标 因素 A B C D 28 d抗压
强度/MPaK1 170.48 138.02 161.5 156.45 K2 168.23 158.94 150.13 161.39 K3 132.49 174.24 166.23 160.2 k1 56.83 46.01 53.83 52.15 k2 56.08 52.98 50.04 53.80 k3 44.16 58.08 55.41 53.4 极差R 12.67 12.07 5.37 1.65 因素主次 A B C D 优水平 A1 B3 C3 D2 最优方案 A1B3C3D2 （A—水灰比，B—减水剂用量，C—砂用量，D—增稠剂
用量）。
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