Present Situation of Global Manganese Ore Resources and Progress of Beneficiation Technology
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摘要:
当前全球锰矿资源分布不均衡、产能高度集中。在概述全球与我国锰矿资源的基础上，针对我国锰矿资源分布广、品位低、技术加工性能差、高质量锰矿对外依存度高的特点，从传统选矿法、还原浸出法和焙烧联合法三个方面总结了国内外锰矿选矿技术领域的研究及应用现状，分析了目前锰矿选矿存在的工艺技术问题，并展望了未来高效、清洁、经济处理锰矿选矿技术的发展趋势。研究可为锰矿的资源化利用提供技术借鉴。
Abstract:At present, the global distribution of manganese ore resources are unevenly distributed and the production capacity is highly concentrated. Based on the overview of international and China's manganese ore resources, and in response to the characteristics of China's wide distribution of manganese ore resources, low grade, poor technical processing performance, and high external dependence on high-quality manganese ore, the research progress of manganese ore beneficiation technology was summarized. The current situation of manganese ore research and application from three different beneficiation processes such as traditional beneficiation, reduction leaching, and combined roasting method, were reviewed. The technological problems in manganese ore beneficiation were analyzed, and the development trend of high efficiency, clean and economic manganese ore beneficiation technology has been prospected. The research provides a technological reference for the resource utilization of manganese ore.
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表 1 常见的锰矿物及其性质
Table 1. Common manganese minerals and their properties
矿物名称 化学式 晶系 颜色 密度/(g·cm−3) 软锰矿 MnO2 四方 黑色 4.3～5 硬锰矿 mMnO·MnO2·nH2O 单斜 黑色 4.4～4.7 水锰矿 Mn2O3·nH2O 单斜 暗钢灰色 4.2～4.4 褐锰矿 Mn2O3 四方 灰黑色 4.7～5 黑锰矿 Mn3O4 四方 黑色 4.84 菱锰矿 MnCO3 三方 粉红至白色 3.6～3.7 硫锰矿 MnS 等轴 深绿钢灰 3.9～4.1 
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表 2 2021年锰资源国的储量概况
Table 2. Reserves of manganese resource countries in 2021
国别 矿石含锰
量/%储量/kt 占全球
总比/%储产比 2021年产量/kt 南非 30～50 640 000 42.67 86.49 7 400 乌克兰 18～22 140 000 9.33 208.96 670 巴西 27～48 270 000 18.00 675.00 400 澳大利亚 42～48 270 000 18.00 81.82 3 300 加蓬 50 61 000 4.07 16.94 3 600 中国 15～30 54 000 3.60 41.54 1 300 印度 20～50 34 000 2.27 56.67 600 加纳 NA 13 000 0.87 20.31 640 哈萨克斯坦 NA 5 000 0.33 31.25 160 马来西亚 NA NA NA NA 360 墨西哥 25 5 000 0.33 25.00 200 其他 NA 少量 NA NA 260 全球总量 30 1 500 000 100 75.00 20 000 注：表中的储量仅表示探明锰储量。
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表 3 锰矿石中矿物的比磁化系数[40]
Table 3. Specific magnetization coefficient of minerals in manganese ore
/(cm3·g) 矿物 磁性 比磁化系数 磁铁锰矿、黑铁锰矿、黑镁铁锰矿、方铁锰矿、黑锰矿 强/较强 （5884～78576）×10−6 锰方解石、菱锰矿、褐锰矿、锰铁榴石 弱 （80～232）×10−6 软锰矿、硬锰矿、蔷薇辉石、锰铝榴石 较弱 （46～72）×10−6 磷灰石、方解石、白云石 非磁性 <6×10−6
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