Study on the Vortex−driven Floatation of Fine Cassiterite and CFD Numerical Simulation
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摘要:
为提高微细粒锡石矿物的浮选回收效果，采用基于湍流涡调控技术的新型涡流浮选装置对微细粒锡石（d50=16.45 µm）进行了浮选实验研究，考察了涡流发生器结构及矿浆循环量对微细粒锡石浮选的影响。通过涡流矿化管内部流场CFD数值模拟，分析了涡流矿化改善微细粒浮选效果的原因。浮选实验表明，使用矩形涡流发生器诱导方式且在循环量0.6 m3/h（Re=21220）时锡石的回收率为92.96%，精矿锡品位为3.32%。在获得精矿锡品位几乎相同的情况下，回收率相较于光管提高了25.73个百分点；CFD模拟分析结果表明内置矩形涡流发生器的矿化管内平均湍流耗散率和平均湍流动能最高，分别是光管的13.01倍和7.03倍，碰撞概率从1.07%提高到2.32%，矩形涡流发生器能显著改善矿化管的湍流环境，增大了微细颗粒−气泡的碰撞概率，从而起到强化微细粒锡石浮选的作用。
Abstract:In order to improve the recovery efficiency of fine−grained cassiterite minerals, a new type of vortex−driven flotation device based on turbulent control technology was used for flotation experiments of fine−grained cassiterite(d50=16.45 µm), and the influence of the structures and slurry circulation flow rate of vortex generators and slurry circulation flow rate on the flotation efficiency of fine−grained cassiterite was investigated. Meanwhile, the internal flow field of the vortex mineralization tube was calculated through CFD numerical simulation, and the reasons for improving the flotation efficiency of fine particles through vortex mineralization was analyzed. The flotation experiment results show that using a induction method, the concentrate recovery rate of cassiterite was 92.96% at a circulation rate of 0.6 m3/h (Re=21220), the tin grade of concentrate was 3.32%. With almost the same tin grade, the recovery rate increased by 25.73 percentage points compared to the empty tube; The CFD simulation analysis results show that the average turbulence dissipation rate and averageturbulence kinetic energy inside the mineralization tube with rectangular vortex generator are the highest, which are 13.01 times and 7.03 times higher than that of the empty tube, respectively, and the collision probability increases from 1.07% to 2.32%. The rectangular vortex generator can significantly improve the turbulent environment of the vortex mineralization tube, increase fine particles−bubbles collision probability, and thus enhance the flotation recovery of fine−grained cassiterite.
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Key words:
- cassiterite /
- fine minerals /
- flotation /
- vortex generator /
- numerical simulation
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表 1 不同管流段结构0.6 m3/h下湍流参数
Table 1. Turbulent flow parameters of different pipe flow section structures at 0.6 m3/h
结构 湍流耗散率/（m2·s−3） 湍流动能/（m2·s−2） 碰撞概率/% 平均值 极大值 平均值 极大值 光管 4.696 20.41 0.0189 0.0154 1.07 矩形VG管 61.11 907.4 0.1329 0.9919 2.32 椭圆形VG管 43.12 768.75 0.0794 0.6538 2.09 三角形VG管 25.32 575.70 0.0433 0.3096 1.77 
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表 2 不同循环量下矩形VG管内湍流参数
Table 2. Turbulent flow parameters in rectangular VG tube under different circulation
矿浆循环量 湍流耗散率/（m2·s−3） 湍流动能/（m2·s−2） 碰撞概率/% 平均值 极大值 平均值 极大值 0.5 m3/h 35.94 493.7 0.0941 0.7435 1.97 0.6 m3/h 61.11 907.4 0.1329 0.9919 2.32 0.7 m3/h 95.84 1431.7 0.1780 1.396 2.67
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