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摘要:
与传统药剂（烃类油）相比，乳化捕收剂能降低油水界面张力，在水中的分散度高，可快速有选择性地吸附在煤表面，改善煤表面的疏水性，提高浮选效率，能够有效解决捕收性能差、选择性差和油耗高的问题。介绍了乳化捕收剂（普通乳状液和微乳液）的结构及形成机理，分析了机械搅拌、超声乳化和射流乳化三种制备乳化捕收剂的方法及优缺点，阐述了乳化捕收剂的分散度、表面改性作用及浮选速度与煤泥浮选效率提高之间的关系，总结了现阶段乳化捕收剂的研究类型及应用情况。提出针对煤泥的性质，设计及制备不同特性的乳化捕收剂，将有利于推动工业规模上煤泥的高效回收。
Abstract:Compared with traditional reagents (hydrocarbon oil), the emulsified collector has high dispersion in water due to reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water. It can be quickly and selectively adsorbed on the coal surface for improving the hydrophobicity of the coal surface to enhance the flotation efficiency. The problems of poor collection performance, poor selectivity and high fuel consumption in coal flotation can be effectively solved. The structure and formation mechanism of emulsified collector (common emulsion and microemulsion) are introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of mechanical stirring, ultrasonic emulsifying and jet emulsifying methods for preparing emulsified collector are analyzed. The relationship between the dispersibility, surface modification, flotation rate of emulsified collector and the improvement of coal slime flotation efficiency is described. The current research types and applications of emulsified collectors are summarized. It is pointed out that the design and preparation of emulsified collectors with different characteristics according to the properties of coal slime will be beneficial to promote the efficient recovery of coal slime on industrial scale.
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Key words:
- emulsification collector /
- emulsified method /
- formation mechanism /
- fine coal /
- flotation
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表 1 乳化捕收剂所用表面活性剂的种类及性质
Table 1. Types and properties of surfactants used in emulsifying collector
离子类型 商品名称 中文名称 化学式 乳化捕收剂类型 阳离子 PAM 聚丙烯酰胺 (C3H5NO)n O/W 阳离子 CTAB 十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 C19H42BrN O/W 阳离子 DTAB 十二烷基三甲基溴化铵 C15H34BrN O/W 阴离子 SDBS 十二烷基苯磺酸钠 C18H29NaO3S O/W、W/O 阴离子 SDS 十二烷基硫酸钠 C12H25SO4Na O/W 阴离子 NaOL 油酸钠 CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COONa O/W 阴离子 PGS 脂肪酸单甘油酯硫酸盐 − O/W 非离子 Span80 失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯 C24H44O6 O/W、W/O 非离子 Tween20 聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇单月桂酸酯 C26H50O10 O/W 非离子 Tween40 聚氧乙烯山梨醇单80棕榈酸酯 C12H18O11 O/W 非离子 Tween80 聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇单油酸酯 C24H44O6 O/W、W/O 非离子 NPE 壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 C15H24O(C2H4O)n O/W、W/O 非离子 OP−10 烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚−10 C34H62O11 O/W 非离子 − 三乙醇胺油酸皂 C24H47NO4 O/W 
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表 2 制备方法的特征对比
Table 2. Characteristic comparison of preparation methods
制备方法 优点 缺点 机械搅拌 设备简单，操作方便 乳状液液滴粒径一般为微米级，稳定性差 超声乳化 乳状液的液滴粒径小，稳定性好，乳化效率高 需输入高能量，制备成本高，难以大规模批量
制备乳状液射流乳化 可不添加乳化剂，节省时间和能源，易于通过调节
参数控制乳化效果，具有高效性和可控性对设备和操作要求高，对要乳化液体的
物理性质有要求
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