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摘要:
针对江西省某尾矿开展了工艺矿物学与回收锂云母选矿实验研究，明确了样品的主要元素与矿物组成，以及Li2O的元素赋存状态；考察了磨矿、脱泥、十二胺、调整剂GY503、水玻璃用量等因素对浮选的影响。研究结果表明，样品Li2O品位为0.276%，主要有价矿物为锂云母（锂白云母）。浮选实验发现，脱泥有利于提高Li2O浮选效率，原矿适宜的磨矿细度为−0.074 mm粒级占60%，浮选粗选十二胺、GY503、水玻璃的最佳用量分别为200 g/t、2000 g/t和500 g/t，通过“一次粗选一次扫选两次精选”的浮选闭路流程，可获得Li2O品位和回收率分别为1.46%和82.81%的锂云母精矿；对锂云母浮选精矿进一步开展了磁选提质实验，获得了Li2O品位和回收率分别为2.02%和40.71%的磁选精矿，实现了该低品位锂云母资源的有效利用。
Abstract:Through research on process mineralogy and the recovery of lepidolite, an experimental study was conducted on the tailings from Jiangxi Province. The main elements and mineral composition of the sample were identified, and the occurrence states of Li2O−bearing minerals were determined. Tests were performed on grinding, desliming, and the dosages of lauryl amine, GY503, and sodium silicate. The results indicated that the Li2O grade of the sample was 0.276%, with the main valuable mineral being lepidolite (or lithian muscovite). Flotation condition tests showed that desliming improved flotation efficiency, and the suitable grinding fineness for the ore was 60% passing 0.074 mm. In roughing flotation, the optimal dosages of dodecyl amine, GY503, and sodium silicate were 200 g/t, 2000 g/t, and 500 g/t, respectively. The flotation closed−circuit test, consisting of one roughing, one cleaning, and two scavenging steps, yielded concentrates with a Li2O grade of 1.46% and a recovery of 82.81%. Furthermore, high−gradient magnetic separation further improved the quality of the lepidolite flotation concentrates, yielding a magnetic concentrate with a Li2O grade of 2.02% and a recovery of 40.71%. Thus, the effective utilization of the low−grade lepidolite ore was realized.
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Key words:
- lepidolite /
- flotation /
- magnetic separation /
- tailings
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表 1 样品化学多元素分析结果
Table 1. Chemical multi-element analysis results of the sample
元素 Li2O Rb2O Cs2O Fe2O3 TiO2 K2O Na2O 含量/% 0.276 0.011 0.002 0.95 0.02 3.01 3.56 元素 MgO CaO Al2O3 SiO2 Ta2O5 Nb2O5 — 含量/% 0.03 0.52 15.97 74.18 0.002 0.005 — 
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表 2 样品矿物组成和锂的赋存状态/%
Table 2. Mineral constituents and Li2O occurrence states of the sample
/% 矿物 含量 Li2O 品位 Li2O 分布率 钽铌锰矿 0.014 —— —— 锡石 0.006 —— —— 锂云母/锂白云母 16.332 1.52 89.78 锂绿泥石/绿泥石 1.583 1.12 6.41 磷锂铝石 0.019 10.10 0.69 磷锰锂矿 0.005 10.31 0.19 石英 33.019 0.01 1.19 长石 47.906 0.01 1.74 其他 1.116 —— —— 合计 100.000 0.32 100.00
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表 3 浮选闭路实验结果
Table 3. Closed−circuit test results of lepidolite flotation
/% 产品 产率 Li2O品位 Li2O回收率 浮选精矿 15.82 1.46 82.81 尾矿 67.76 0.032 7.77 细泥 16.42 0.16 9.42 原矿 100.00 0.279 100.00
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表 4 磁选提质实验磁选精矿指标
Table 4. Indexes of concentrates from high-gradient magnetic separation upgrading test
磁介质 背景场强/T 产率/% 磁选精矿
Li2O品位/%Li2O回收率/% 尺寸/mm 充填率/% 对作业 对原矿 对作业 对原矿 3 10.50 0.50 9.72 1.54 2.07 13.59 11.25 0.55 21.23 3.36 2.02 29.37 24.32 0.60 23.70 3.75 1.92 31.38 25.99 14.67 0.50 12.21 1.93 2.05 21.34 17.67 0.55 22.78 3.60 2.04 31.61 26.18 0.60 27.89 4.41 1.87 35.69 29.55 19.36 0.50 25.39 4.02 1.95 33.44 27.69 0.55 41.19 6.52 1.89 53.69 44.46 0.60 46.56 7.37 1.83 58.49 48.44 2 10.54 0.50 16.98 2.69 2.09 24.17 20.02 0.55 26.43 4.18 2.06 37.55 31.10 0.60 31.34 4.96 1.97 42.16 34.91 14.89 0.50 23.65 3.74 2.07 33.29 27.57 0.55 36.02 5.70 2.02 49.16 40.71 0.60 42.21 6.68 1.95 56.39 46.70 19.87 0.50 32.14 5.08 1.97 43.18 35.76 0.55 41.82 6.62 1.90 54.58 45.20 0.60 48.83 7.72 1.86 61.79 51.17
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