Study on the Propagation Law of Blasting Vibration in an Open−pit Mine Slope Based on FSWT Algorithm
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摘要:
为掌握露天矿山边坡在复杂条件下爆破振动信号的传播规律，以尖山磷矿边坡测得爆破振动数据为研究对象，采用频率切片小波变换技术（frequency slice wavelet transform，FSWT）、Hilbert−Huang变换（HHT）算法分析爆心距、边坡高程放大效应对振动波能量分布及传播规律的影响。结果表明：爆破振动波在传播距离较近时，能量上升而后会随着时间推移减小，且能量分布不密集；振动波在传播距离较远时，能量上升速度缓慢并且分布相对较集中。边坡底部振动能量主要集中在93.75～125 Hz高频率段且含有大量高频能量，顶部振动能量主要集中在0～46.87 Hz低频率段且含有大量低频能量。1972平台三号机在0～46.87 Hz频率段能量占比平均为69.45%，而一和二号机分别为51.37%、42.55%，前者相较于后两者分别提高18.08、26.9百分点。四号机爆心距比三号机更远，其低频能量大于三号机，但三号机在0～46.87 Hz频率段的能量平均占比相较于四号机提高24.32百分点，高程效应相较于爆心距的影响要更为明显，顶部相对底部高频能量表现为高程衰减效应，顶部相对底部低频能量表现为高程放大效应。
Abstract:In order to master the propagation law of blasting vibration signals of open−pit mine slope under complex conditions, the blasting vibration data measured by Jianshan phosphate mine slope was taken as the research object. The frequency slice wavelet transform (FSWT) and Hilbert−Huang transform (HHT) algorithms were used to analyze the influence of blasting center distance and slope elevation amplification effect on the energy distribution and propagation law of vibration wave. The results showed that when the propagation distance of blasting vibration wave was close, the energy rose and then decreased with time, and the energy distribution was not dense. When the propagation distance of the vibration wave was far, the energy rose slowly and the distribution was relatively concentrated. The vibration energy at the bottom of the slope was mainly concentrated in the high frequency band of 93.75~125 Hz and contained a large amount of high frequency energy, and the vibration energy at the top was mainly concentrated in the low frequency band of 0~46.87 Hz and contained a large amount of low frequency energy.The energy proportion of No.3 machine in 1972 platform in the frequency range of 0~46.87 Hz was 69.45% on average, while those of No.1 and No.2 machines were 51.37% and 42.55% respectively. The former was 18.08 and 26.9 percentage points higher than the latter two respectively. The explosion center distance of No.4 machine was farther than that of No.3 machine, and its low−frequency energy should be greater than that of No.3 machine. However, the average energy proportion of No.3 machine in the frequency range of 0~46.87 Hz was 24.32 percentage points higher than that of No.4 machine. The elevation effect was more obvious than the influence of explosion center distance. The high−frequency energy at the top relative to the bottom showed an elevation attenuation effect, and the low−frequency energy at the top relative to the bottom showed an elevation amplification effect.
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表 1 爆破参数表
Table 1. Table of blasting parameters
爆破日期 总孔数/个 平均孔深/m 总孔长/m 最大单段药量/kg 2023.07.30 111 9.6 1065.6 95 2023.08.27 117 9.3 1088.1 90 2023.09.23 115 9.3 1069.3 87 
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表 3 2023.08.27爆破振动监测结果汇总
Table 3. 2023.08.27 Blasting vibration monitoring results summary
测点
编号爆心距离/m 最大振动速度/
(cm·s−1)主振频率/Hz 备注 1 228 0.098 10.54 水平径向 0.092 9.67 水平切向 0.097 18.35 垂直 2 327 0.115 5.18 水平径向 0.107 6.91 水平切向 0.080 6.90 垂直 3 458 0.090 5.95 水平径向 0.070 4.14 水平切向 0.093 8.34 垂直 4 558 0.051 5.95 水平径向 0.044 5.65 水平切向 0.029 8.39 垂直
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表 2 2023.07.30爆破振动监测结果汇总
Table 2. 2023.07.30 Blasting vibration monitoring results summary
测点
编号爆心距离/m 最大振动速度/
(cm·s−1)主振频率/Hz 备注 1 238 0.185 9.98 水平径向 0.190 7.75 水平切向 0.135 15.90 垂直 2 342 0.159 5.38 水平径向 0.268 7.59 水平切向 0.101 7.71 垂直 3 479 0.152 5.76 水平径向 0.075 5.09 水平切向 0.156 5.95 垂直 4 769 0.034 5.07 水平径向 0.027 5.63 水平切向 0.021 5.46 垂直
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表 4 2023.09.23爆破振动监测结果汇总
Table 4. 2023.09.23 Blasting vibration monitoring results summary
测点编号 爆心距离/m 最大振动速度/(cm·s−1) 主振频率/Hz 备注 1 197 0.159 15.47 水平径向 0.169 10.64 水平切向 0.302 17.32 垂直 2 314 0.115 5.61 水平径向 0.094 6.54 水平切向 0.103 7.33 垂直 3 392 0.194 7.23 水平径向 0.081 7.31 水平切向 0.118 7.35 垂直
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表 5 2023.07.30不同频率段能量占比情况
Table 5. 2023.07.30 Energy proportion of different frequency bands
频率段序号 频率段/Hz 一号机能量占比/% 二号机能量占比/% 三号机能量占比/% 四号机能量占比/% 1 0～15.62 26.43 14.09 24.45 8.98 2 15.62～31.20 16.42 13.13 22.58 10.59 3 31.2～46.87 13.97 12.33 12.04 14 4 46.87～62.50 9.87 11.3 10.72 10.1 5 62.5～78.12 9.24 9.24 9.31 12.59 6 78.12～93.75 8.47 14.61 6.33 10.77 7 93.75～109.37 7.38 11.16 7.29 15.16 8 109.37～125 6.86 14.13 7.28 17.01
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表 6 2023.08.27不同频率段能量占比情况
Table 6. 2023.08.27 Energy proportion of different frequency bands
频率段序号 频率段/Hz 一号机能量占比/% 二号机能量占比/% 三号机能量占比/% 四号机能量占比/% 1 0～15.62 13.35 9.78 27.3 9.41 2 15.62～31.20 16.25 10.86 19.91 20.4 3 31.2～46.87 13.37 12.17 19.1 13.37 4 46.87～62.50 10.37 16.05 12.17 9.68 5 62.5～78.12 20.54 17.63 12.04 10.9 6 78.12～93.75 10.35 15.02 13.18 13.13 7 93.75～109.37 9.17 10.73 7.57 12.37 8 109.37～125 6.6 7.76 4.74 10.75
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表 7 2023.09.23不同频率段能量占比情况
Table 7. 2023.09.23 Energy proportion of different frequency bands
频率段序号 频率段/Hz 一号机能量占比/% 二号机能量占比/% 三号机能量占比/% 1 0～15.62 22.24 20.09 19.32 2 15.62～31.20 19.71 22.55 48.66 3 31.2～46.87 12.47 12.47 14.98 4 46.87～62.50 11.97 11.93 6.77 5 62.5～78.12 8.55 8.39 2.04 6 78.12～93.75 8.1 8.45 1.83 7 93.75～109.37 9.1 8.75 3.55 8 109.37～125 11.17 7.36 2.85
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